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Asociación entre la lactancia materna y el sobrepeso en niños pequeños

M L Hediger¹, M D Overpeck, R J Kuczmarski

¹Division of Epidemiology, Statistics and Prevention Research, NICHD/NIH, Bldg 6100, Room 7B03, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892-7510, USA. hedigerm@exchange.nih.gov

|May 23, 2001

Resumen

La lactancia materna puede reducir el riesgo de que los niños tengan sobrepeso, pero la duración de la lactancia materna no mostró un claro efecto dependiente de la dosis. El estado de peso materno fue un predictor más fuerte del sobrepeso infantil que la duración de la lactancia materna.

Área de la Ciencia:

La pediatría es la medicina de los niños.
Salud Pública La salud pública.
Nutrición Nutrición Nutrición es la nutrición.

Sus antecedentes:

Se supone que la lactancia materna protege contra el sobrepeso infantil.
Se ha sugerido un efecto dependiente de la dosis de la duración de la lactancia materna en esta asociación protectora.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la asociación entre la lactancia materna, su duración y el riesgo de sobrepeso en niños pequeños de Estados Unidos.
Para determinar si la lactancia materna ofrece protección contra el sobrepeso de los niños.

Principales métodos:

Se utilizaron los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (NHANES III) (1988-1994).
Se analizaron datos de 2685 niños nacidos en Estados Unidos de edades comprendidas entre 3 y 5 años, con información disponible sobre alimentación, estatura y peso.
Riesgo definido de sobrepeso utilizando los percentiles del Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) (85o-94o percentil para el riesgo, ≥95o percentil para el sobrepeso).

Principales resultados:

La lactancia materna siempre se asoció con un riesgo reducido de estar en riesgo de sobrepeso (AOR 0,63; IC del 95% 0,41-0,96).
No se observó una reducción del riesgo de sobrepeso (AOR 0,84; IC del 95% 0,62-1.13).
No se encontró ningún efecto claro dependiente de la dosis o umbral de la duración de la lactancia materna sobre el riesgo de sobrepeso.
El sobrepeso y la obesidad materna fueron predictores significativos del estado de sobrepeso infantil.

Conclusiones:

Las asociaciones entre la lactancia materna, su duración y el riesgo de sobrepeso infantil son inconsistentes.
Si bien se recomienda la lactancia materna, moderar los factores familiares como la dieta y la actividad puede ser más crítico para prevenir el sobrepeso infantil.
El estado de peso materno es un determinante más fuerte del sobrepeso infantil que la duración de la lactancia materna.

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