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Riesgo de sobrepeso entre los adolescentes que fueron amamantados cuando eran bebés
M W Gillman1, S L Rifas-Shiman, C A Camargo
1Harvard Medical School/Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention, 126 Brookline Ave, Suite 200, Boston, MA 02215, USA. matthew_gillman@hms.harvard.edu
JAMA
|May 23, 2001
Resumen
La lactancia materna, ya sea exclusivamente con leche materna o por períodos más largos, se asocia con un riesgo reducido de sobrepeso en adolescentes. Este hallazgo pone de relieve los beneficios a largo plazo para la salud de la lactancia materna para los niños.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La pediatría es la medicina de los niños.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
Sus antecedentes:
- El sobrepeso en adolescentes es una preocupación creciente, ya que predice problemas de salud futuros y obesidad en adultos.
- Se supone que la lactancia materna reduce el riesgo de obesidad en adolescentes.
- Comprender las prácticas de alimentación infantil es crucial para las intervenciones de salud pública.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la asociación entre el tipo de alimentación infantil (leche materna frente a fórmula) y la duración de la lactancia materna con el estado de sobrepeso de los adolescentes.
- Para cuantificar la reducción del riesgo asociado con diferentes patrones de lactancia materna.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio de cohorte a nivel nacional, el Growing Up Today Study, encuestó a 15.341 adolescentes (de 9 a 14 años de edad).
- Los datos sobre la alimentación infantil (leche materna, leche de fórmula) y la duración de la lactancia materna se recopilaron a través de cuestionarios enviados a los sujetos y sus madres.
- El estado de sobrepeso se definió como un índice de masa corporal (IMC) que excede el percentil 95 para la edad y el sexo.
Principales resultados:
- Los adolescentes alimentados con leche materna (frente a la leche de fórmula) tenían una proporción de probabilidades reducida (OR) de 0.78 para tener sobrepeso.
- La lactancia materna prolongada (≥7 meses) se asoció con una menor OR de 0.80 para el sobrepeso en comparación con las duraciones más cortas (≤3 meses).
- Se realizaron ajustes para varios factores de confusión, incluida la dieta, la actividad física y el IMC materno.
Conclusiones:
- La alimentación infantil con leche materna sobre la fórmula está relacionada con un menor riesgo de sobrepeso en adolescentes.
- Las duraciones más largas de la lactancia materna se asocian con una menor probabilidad de tener sobrepeso en la infancia tardía y la adolescencia.
- Estos hallazgos apoyan la lactancia materna como un factor protector contra la obesidad adolescente.
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