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Dejar de fumar en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica: un ensayo doble ciego, controlado con

D Tashkin¹, R Kanner, W Bailey

¹Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, 90095, Los Angeles CA, USA. dtashkin@mednet.ucla.edu

Lancet (London, England)

|May 30, 2001

Resumen

El bupropión de liberación prolongada (SR) aumentó significativamente las tasas de abstinencia de fumar en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC). Esta ayuda efectiva también redujo el antojo de tabaco y los síntomas de abstinencia en fumadores de EPOC.

Área de la Ciencia:

Pulmonología Pulmonología.
Medicina de la adicción Medicina de la adicción
Farmacología Farmacología.

Sus antecedentes:

Fumar tabaco es una de las principales causas de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC), implicada en más del 80% de los casos.
Investigar las ayudas para dejar de fumar es crucial para controlar la progresión de la EPOC y mejorar los resultados de los pacientes.

Objetivo del estudio:

Evaluar la eficacia del bupropión de liberación prolongada (SR) como herramienta para dejar de fumar en personas diagnosticadas con EPOC de leve a moderada.
Evaluar el impacto del bupropión SR en las tasas de abstinencia de fumar y los síntomas de abstinencia asociados.

Principales métodos:

Un ensayo doble ciego, aleatorizado y controlado con placebo de 12 semanas que involucró a 404 pacientes con EPOC leve/moderado que fumaban ≥15 cigarrillos al día.
Los participantes recibieron bupropión SR (150 mg dos veces al día) o un placebo, junto con el asesoramiento para dejar de fumar.
El objetivo primario fue la abstinencia continua de fumar entre las semanas 4 y 7, con seguimiento a los 6 meses.

Principales resultados:

El bupropión SR mejoró significativamente las tasas de abstinencia de fumar continua en comparación con el placebo (28% vs. 16% desde las semanas 4-7, p=0.003).
Se observaron tasas de abstinencia más altas con bupropión SR en puntos de tiempo posteriores (semanas 4-12 y 4-26).
El bupropión SR atenuó eficazmente los síntomas de antojo y abstinencia del tabaco, con una buena tolerabilidad reportada.

Conclusiones:

El bupropión de liberación sostenida (SR) es una farmacoterapia bien tolerada y efectiva para dejar de fumar en pacientes con EPOC.
El bupropión SR ofrece una valiosa opción terapéutica para apoyar los esfuerzos de cesación del tabaquismo en personas con EPOC de leve a moderada.

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