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Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study
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Problemas de comportamiento en niños que pesan 1000 g o menos al nacer en cuatro países
E T Hille1, A L den Ouden, S Saigal
1TNO Prevention and Health, Child Health Division, PO Box 2215, 2301 CE, Leiden, Netherlands. ET.Hille@pg.tno.nl
Lancet (London, England)
|June 27, 2001
Resumen
Los niños con un peso extremadamente bajo al nacer muestran problemas de comportamiento similares en todas las culturas, lo que sugiere que los factores biológicos son clave. Estos niños tienen mayores dificultades sociales, de pensamiento y de atención en comparación con sus compañeros.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología del desarrollo Psicología del desarrollo.
- La pediatría es la medicina de los niños.
- Ciencias del comportamiento Ciencias del comportamiento.
Sus antecedentes:
- El aumento de las tasas de supervivencia de los bebés con un peso al nacer extremadamente bajo (ELBW, por sus siglas en inglés) plantea preocupaciones sobre los resultados del comportamiento infantil.
- Estudios previos indican mayores problemas de comportamiento en los niños ELBW, pero las comparaciones interculturales son limitadas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para comparar los problemas de comportamiento en los niños ELBW en cuatro países (Países Bajos, Alemania, Canadá, EE.UU.).
- Para identificar tipos específicos de dificultades de comportamiento en los niños de ELBW y compararlos con los grupos de control.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio prospectivo de 408 niños ELBW de 8 a 10 años.
- Los padres completaron la lista de comprobación del comportamiento infantil para evaluar las puntuaciones totales de problemas, externalización, internalización y otras dificultades.
- Comparó a los niños ELBW con el peso normal al nacer o controles normativos nacionales en todos los países.
Principales resultados:
- Los niños ELBW exhibieron puntuaciones de problemas totales más altas que los controles, significativamente en cohortes europeas.
- Se observaron puntuaciones elevadas de banda estrecha para problemas sociales, de pensamiento y de atención (0.5-1.2 SD más alto).
- No se encontraron diferencias significativas en las puntuaciones de internalización o externalización entre ELBW y los niños de control, excepto para las puntuaciones de internalización de una cohorte.
Conclusiones:
- Los problemas de comportamiento en los niños de ELBW fueron notablemente consistentes en los cuatro países estudiados, a pesar de las variaciones culturales.
- La similitud intercultural sugiere que los mecanismos biológicos juegan un papel importante en las dificultades de comportamiento experimentadas por los niños ELBW.
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