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Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...

Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias

Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias

Tachyarrhythmias are a type of dysrhythmia where the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. Here are some common types of tachyarrhythmias:Sinus TachycardiaSinus tachycardia originates from increased impulses from the sinus node, leading to an elevated heart rate. It is often triggered by stress, fever, or exercise.Patients may experience palpitations, a sensation of a racing heart, dizziness, and chest discomfort.Causes and Risk Factors: Common causes include physical exertion, emotional...

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per minute.

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...

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Patrones atípicos de aleteo auricular derecho.

Y Yang¹, J Cheng, A Bochoeyer

¹Cardiovascular Research Institute and Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, University of California, San Francisco, USA.

|June 27, 2001

Resumen

Este resumen es generado por máquina.

El aleteo auricular derecho atípico (AFL) con mayor frecuencia involucra circuitos dependientes del istmo como la reentrada del bucle inferior. Los mecanismos no dependientes del istmo incluyen la reentrada del bucle superior o los circuitos relacionados con la cicatriz.

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Área de la Ciencia:

Cardiología Cardiología.
Electrofisiología y electrofisiología.
Las arritmias cardíacas son arritmias cardíacas.

Sus antecedentes:

El aleteo auricular derecho atípico (AFL) es una arritmia compleja.
Comprender su incidencia y los mecanismos subyacentes es crucial para un tratamiento efectivo.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para determinar la frecuencia de la AFL derecha atípica en pacientes con aleteo auricular.
Aclarar los mecanismos electrofisiológicos específicos que impulsan el AFL atípico derecho.

Principales métodos:

Análisis retrospectivo de 372 pacientes consecutivos con aleteo auricular.
Mapeo electrofisiológico detallado para identificar circuitos de reingreso y sitios de avance.

Principales resultados:

La AFL derecha atípica ocurrió en el 8% de los pacientes (28/372), con 36 episodios documentados.
La reentrada del bucle inferior (LLR) fue el mecanismo más común (67%), con un avance en el anillo tricúspide.
La reentrada del bucle superior y los circuitos relacionados con las cicatrices fueron mecanismos menos comunes.

Conclusiones:

La AFL derecha atípica se asocia con frecuencia con la reentrada dependiente del istmo, principalmente LLR.
Los mecanismos no dependientes del istmo, incluida la reentrada del bucle superior y los circuitos relacionados con las cicatrices, también contribuyen al AFL atípico derecho.
La orientación hacia el bloqueo del istmo puede eliminar la LLR, ofreciendo una potencial estrategia terapéutica.