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Arqueas consumidoras de metano reveladas por análisis isotópicos y filogenéticos directamente acoplados
V J Orphan1, C H House, K U Hinrichs
1Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 21, 2001
Resumen
Los microorganismos marinos consumen la mayor parte del metano del océano. Algunas arqueas específicas (Methanosarcinales) asimilan metano ligero, mientras que otras utilizan diferentes fuentes de carbono, revelando la actividad metabólica microbiana en los sedimentos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Microbiología Microbiología.
- La geoquímica es la geoquímica.
- Biogeoquímica La biogeoquímica es la bioquímica.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los sedimentos marinos anóxicos albergan comunidades microbianas cruciales para el ciclo global del metano.
- Más del 80% del metano oceánico es consumido por microorganismos en estos entornos.
- Los consorcios microbianos metabólicamente interdependientes son comunes en los sedimentos ricos en metano.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la actividad metabólica y la identidad de los microorganismos en los sedimentos marinos anóxicos.
- Para determinar las fuentes de carbono utilizadas por diferentes grupos microbianos dentro de estos sedimentos.
- Demostrar un método para identificar y evaluar simultáneamente la función metabólica microbiana.
Principales métodos:
- Fluorescencia en hibridación in situ (FISH) para la identificación microbiana.
- Espectrometría de masas de iones secundarios (SIMS) para el análisis de isótopos estables (razones 13C/12C).
- FISH-SIMS combinado para vincular la identidad microbiana con la actividad metabólica.
Principales resultados:
- Las células arqueas específicas, afiliadas a Methanosarcinales, mostraron un agotamiento significativo en 13C (-96 por mil).
- Este agotamiento de 13C indica la asimilación de metano isotópicamente ligero por estas arqueas.
- Otras especies microbianas exhibieron mayores proporciones de 13C/12C, lo que sugiere el uso de fuentes alternativas de carbono.
Conclusiones:
- El estudio identificó con éxito grupos arqueológicos específicos que asimilan el metano en los sedimentos marinos.
- Existen distintas vías de asimilación de carbono dentro de consorcios microbianos en entornos anóxicos.
- El enfoque combinado FISH-SIMS es eficaz para la determinación simultánea de la identidad microbiana y la actividad metabólica in situ.
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