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La evidencia del cambio climático reciente en Marte proviene de la identificación de hielo subterráneo juvenil cerca
J F Mustard1, C D Cooper, M K Rifkin
1Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA. john_mustard@brown.edu
Nature
|July 27, 2001
Resumen
Se ha descubierto hielo de agua subterránea en las latitudes medias marcianas, lo que indica un depósito significativo de agua congelada. Este hielo subterráneo, que se encuentra en los espacios de los poros del suelo, actualmente está disminuyendo después de su formación durante un período climático pasado.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias planetarias Ciencias planetarias.
- Geología Geología Geología.
- Astrobiología Astrobiología.
Sus antecedentes:
- El hielo subterráneo en la corteza y el suelo de Marte representa una importante reserva de agua.
- Se predice que el hielo subterráneo cerca de la superficie sea estable hacia los polos de 40 grados de latitud, con características geomorfológicas observadas que apoyan esto.
- Los suelos de latitudes medias son reservas potenciales de hielo de agua, cuya capacidad está influenciada por los ciclos climáticos orbitales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la existencia y extensión del hielo subterráneo cercano a la superficie en las latitudes medias marcianas.
- Para cuantificar el volumen de este potencial depósito de hielo de agua.
- Para comprender la dinámica temporal y el origen del hielo subterráneo de latitudes medias.
Principales métodos:
- Se recogieron pruebas de observación para identificar el hielo de agua cercano a la superficie.
- Análisis del espesor del reservorio de suelo ocupado por hielo y distribución latitudinal.
- Inferencia de la formación de depósitos y escalas de tiempo de degradación basadas en la historia del clima marciano.
Principales resultados:
- La evidencia observacional directa confirma un reservorio de latitud media de hielo de agua cercana a la superficie dentro de los espacios de poros del suelo.
- El reservorio de suelo ocupado por hielo se extiende de 1 a 10 metros de espesor a través de las bandas de latitud de 30 a 60 grados.
- El volumen estimado del depósito es (1.5-6.0) x 10^4 km3, equivalente a una capa de agua global de 10-40 cm.
Conclusiones:
- El reservorio de hielo subterráneo descubierto en latitudes medias es un recurso hídrico significativo en Marte.
- Esta reserva probablemente se formó durante un período de alta oblicuidad orbital hace menos de 100.000 años.
- Las condiciones climáticas actuales están causando una reducción en el volumen de este hielo de agua subterránea.
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