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Estudio longitudinal de síntomas psiquiátricos, discapacidad, mortalidad y emigración entre los refugiados bosnios
R F Mollica1, N Sarajlic, M Chernoff
1Harvard Program in Refugee Trauma, 8 Story St, Third Floor, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. rmollica@hprt.harvard.edu
JAMA
|August 14, 2001
Resumen
Los trastornos psiquiátricos y la discapacidad persistieron en los refugiados bosnios durante tres años. El sexo masculino, el aislamiento y la edad avanzada aumentaron el riesgo de mortalidad, mientras que los refugiados con mejor educación tenían más probabilidades de emigrar.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La psiquiatría es la psiquiatría.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
Sus antecedentes:
- La violencia masiva tiene un impacto significativo en la salud psiquiátrica.
- Estudios anteriores indicaron vínculos entre la depresión, el trastorno de estrés postraumático y la discapacidad en los refugiados bosnios.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para evaluar la persistencia a largo plazo de los trastornos psiquiátricos y la discapacidad.
- Investigar las asociaciones con la mortalidad y la emigración en una cohorte de refugiados bosnios.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio de seguimiento de tres años de 534 refugiados bosnios en Croacia.
- Se evaluaron los diagnósticos de depresión y trastorno de estrés postraumático (DSM-IV), discapacidad y causas de mortalidad.
- Los análisis estadísticos exploraron los factores asociados con la mortalidad y la emigración.
Principales resultados:
- El 45% de los participantes mantuvo diagnósticos psiquiátricos; el 16% desarrolló nuevos trastornos.
- La discapacidad persistió en el 46% de los individuos afectados.
- El sexo masculino, el aislamiento social y la edad avanzada se correlacionaron con un aumento de la mortalidad; la educación superior y un menor número de eventos traumáticos se relacionaron con la emigración.
Conclusiones:
- Los trastornos psiquiátricos y la discapacidad siguen siendo problemas importantes para los refugiados bosnios a lo largo del tiempo.
- La mortalidad está asociada con el aislamiento social, el sexo masculino y la edad avanzada.
- Los patrones de emigración están influenciados por el estado de salud y los niveles de educación.
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