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Septins
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La contracción tectónica a través de Los Ángeles después de la eliminación de los efectos de bombeo de aguas
G W Bawden1, W Thatcher, R S Stein
1United States Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA. gbawden@usgs.gov
Nature
|August 24, 2001
Resumen
Las fallas de empuje ciego representan una amenaza significativa para Los Ángeles. Una nueva investigación combina datos de GPS e InSAR para revelar la contracción tectónica, distinguiéndola de los efectos de bombeo de agua subterránea.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geofísica es la geofísica.
- La tectónica es la tectónica.
- La geodesia es una técnica de geodesia.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los terremotos de 1987 y 1994 pusieron de relieve el riesgo sísmico planteado por las fallas ciegas de empuje en Los Ángeles.
- Se estableció una densa red de estaciones del Sistema de Posicionamiento Global (GPS) para monitorear los desplazamientos de fallas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para diferenciar la deformación tectónica de las señales no tectónicas como el bombeo de agua subterránea.
- Para evaluar con precisión el deslizamiento y la acumulación de tensión en fallas de empuje ciego en la cuenca de Los Ángeles.
Principales métodos:
- Aumentando los datos continuos de GPS con imágenes de radar de apertura sintética interferométrica (InSAR).
- Aplicación de técnicas de procesamiento de señales para eliminar deformaciones no tectónicas (aguas subterráneas, extracción de petróleo, fallas de deslizamiento).
Principales resultados:
- Se identificó una contracción uniaxial de 4.4 mm/año a través de la cuenca de Los Ángeles, orientada a 36°N.E.
- Se demostró que la retirada de aguas subterráneas causa un importante hundimiento (12 mm / año) y oscilaciones estacionales en la cuenca de Santa Ana.
- Demostró que las señales no tectónicas pueden oscurecer o imitar la deformación tectónica de fallas de empuje ciego.
Conclusiones:
- La contracción es acomodada principalmente por fallas de empuje, no por fallas de deslizamiento en la región.
- La evaluación precisa de la actividad de falla de empuje ciego requiere una eliminación cuidadosa de las señales antropogénicas.
- La comprensión de estas señales es crucial para la evaluación del peligro sísmico en el área metropolitana de Los Ángeles.
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