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Los fullerenos en la estructura de impacto de Sudbury de hace 1.85 mil millones de años
L Becker1, J L Bada, R E Winans
1Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0212B, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 29, 1994
Resumen
Los fullerenos (C60 y C70) fueron descubiertos en la estructura de impacto de Sudbury. El azufre impidió su oxidación durante 1.85 mil millones de años, lo que sugiere orígenes extraterrestres del impactador.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geoquímica es la geoquímica.
- La astroquímica es astroquímica.
- Estudios de cráteres de impacto Estudios de cráteres de impacto
Sus antecedentes:
- Los fullerenos (C60 y C70) son alótropos de carbono con posibles orígenes extraterrestres.
- La estructura de impacto de Sudbury proporciona un registro geológico único de un importante evento de impacto extraterrestre.
- Comprender la preservación del fullereno en las brechas de impacto es crucial para la astrobiología y la geoquímica.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar y caracterizar los fullerenos dentro de las brechas producidas por el impacto de la estructura de impacto de Sudbury.
- Investigar los mecanismos de preservación de los fullerenos en escalas de tiempo geológico en un entorno de impacto.
- Explorar el potencial origen extraterrestre de los fullerenos basado en su aparición en impactites.
Principales métodos:
- Espectrometría de masas de desorción láser (LDMS) para la detección de fullereno.
- Espectrometría de masas de post-ionización por desorción láser (LDPI-MS) para una mayor sensibilidad y caracterización.
- Espectrometría de masas de impacto de electrones de alta resolución (HR-EI-MS) para la determinación precisa de la masa y el análisis isotópico.
- Análisis geoquímico de la matriz de breccia y las fases minerales asociadas.
Principales resultados:
- Los fullerenos (C60 y C70) fueron identificados inequívocamente en brechas de la Formación Onaping de la estructura de impacto de Sudbury.
- Se encontró que la concentración de C60 estaba en el rango de partes por millón.
- La evidencia sugiere que los fullerenos fueron sintetizados en el penacho de impacto del carbono del bólido.
- El azufre, presente como complejos sulfuro-silicato, parece haber inhibido la oxidación del fullereno durante 1.85 mil millones de años.
Conclusiones:
- El descubrimiento confirma la presencia de fullerenos en las estructuras de impacto terrestre, apoyando su formación durante impactos de hipervelocidad.
- La preservación de los fullerenos se atribuye a la encapsulación dentro de los complejos sulfuro-silicato, protegiéndolos de la oxidación.
- Estos hallazgos tienen implicaciones significativas para la comprensión del ciclo del carbono en eventos de impacto y el potencial para preservar moléculas orgánicas extraterrestres en la Tierra y otros cuerpos planetarios.
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