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Los suplementos de ácido fólico durante el embarazo y el riesgo de aborto espontáneo
1National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|September 21, 2001
Resumen
Tomar 400 mcg de ácido fólico antes y durante el embarazo temprano no afecta el riesgo de aborto espontáneo. Este estudio no encontró evidencia de que la suplementación con ácido fólico influya en la aparición de abortos espontáneos en embarazos por primera vez.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Obstetricia y Ginecología.
- Salud reproductiva y salud reproductiva.
- Ciencias de la Nutrición Ciencias de la Nutrición
Sus antecedentes:
- Se sabe que la suplementación con ácido fólico (400 mcg) antes y durante el embarazo reduce el riesgo de defectos del tubo neural.
- El impacto del ácido fólico en otros resultados del embarazo, como el aborto espontáneo, sigue siendo menos entendido.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la asociación entre la suplementación con ácido fólico y el riesgo de aborto espontáneo.
- Para determinar si 400 mcg de ácido fólico tomado antes y durante el embarazo temprano afecta la ocurrencia de aborto espontáneo.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó un estudio de cohorte en China que involucró a mujeres embarazadas por primera vez registradas en una campaña de ácido fólico.
- Los resultados del embarazo se analizaron para las mujeres que habían tomado o no suplementos de ácido fólico de 400 mcg antes y durante el embarazo temprano.
Principales resultados:
- La tasa general de abortos espontáneos fue del 9,1% en la población del estudio.
- Las mujeres que tomaban ácido fólico (9,0%) y las que no lo tomaban (9,3%) mostraron tasas de aborto espontáneo similares (razón de riesgo 0,97).
- La edad gestacional en el momento del diagnóstico y el aborto espontáneo fue comparable entre los grupos suplementados y no suplementados.
Conclusiones:
- La ingesta diaria de 400 mcg de ácido fólico antes y durante el embarazo temprano no demostró una influencia en el riesgo de aborto espontáneo en esta población.
- Los hallazgos sugieren que la suplementación con ácido fólico en esta dosis no aumenta ni disminuye la probabilidad de aborto espontáneo.
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