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Un hongo arbuscular micorrizal acelera la descomposición y adquiere nitrógeno directamente del material orgánico
A Hodge1, C D Campbell, A H Fitter
1Department of Biology, University of York, PO Box 373, York, YO10 5YW, UK. ah29@york.ac.uk
Nature
|September 21, 2001
Resumen
Los hongos micorrícicos arbusculares, simbiontes vegetales vitales, pueden descomponer la materia orgánica y capturar nitrógeno independientemente de su planta huésped. Esto desafía la visión de que dependen únicamente de las plantas para obtener nutrientes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La micología de la micología.
- Patología Vegetal Patología vegetal.
- Ciencias del suelo Ciencias del suelo.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los hongos micorrizales arbusculares (AMF) forman simbiosis con la mayoría de las especies de plantas.
- Las AMF se consideran tradicionalmente biotróficos obligados, que dependen de las plantas para obtener carbono.
- Su capacidad para descomponer la materia orgánica y adquirir nutrientes directamente ha sido objeto de debate.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar las capacidades saprotróficas de AMF.
- Para determinar si el AMF puede mejorar la descomposición y la captura de nitrógeno de la materia orgánica.
- Para evaluar el papel de la planta huésped en estos procesos.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó hojas de hierba como material orgánico complejo en experimentos de suelo.
- Crecimiento hifático fúngico monitoreado en presencia y ausencia de plantas huésped.
- Tasas de descomposición estimadas y captura de nitrógeno de la materia orgánica.
Principales resultados:
- La simbiosis micorrizal arbuscular aumentó la descomposición de las hojas de la hierba.
- Se observó un aumento de la captura de nitrógeno del material orgánico.
- El crecimiento de las hifas de hongos fue estimulado por material orgánico, independiente de la planta huésped.
Conclusiones:
- Las AMF poseen capacidades saprotróficas, mejorando la descomposición de la materia orgánica del suelo.
- La simbiosis facilita la adquisición de nutrientes de fuentes orgánicas, reduciendo potencialmente la dependencia de las plantas.
- La AMF puede contribuir activamente al ciclo de nutrientes en los ecosistemas del suelo.
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