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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
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Structures of Solids02:22

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

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Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
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Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

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Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
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La fase lamelar líquido-cristalina hinchada se basa en hojas extendidas de tipo sólido.

J C Gabriel1, F Camerel, B J Lemaire

  • 1Sciences Moléculaires aux Interfaces, FRE 2068 CNRS, 2 rue de Houssinière, BP 32229, F-44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France. jeang@covalentmaterials.com

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|October 5, 2001
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Resumen

Los investigadores crearon nuevas láminas minerales que forman una fase líquido-cristalina. Este descubrimiento permite nanoestructuras sintonizables para el análisis biomolecular utilizando RMN, avanzando la ciencia de los materiales.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencia de los materiales Ciencia de los materiales.
  • Nanotecnología La nanotecnología es la nanotecnología.
  • La cristalografía es una técnica de cristalografía.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Ordenar nanopartículas a nanoescala es un desafío significativo en la ciencia de los materiales.
  • Las partículas anisotrópicas, como las que forman cristales líquidos, muestran autoensamblaje en fases ordenadas.
  • Las nanopartículas minerales pueden formar mesofasas ordenadas, similares a los cristales líquidos orgánicos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para describir una nueva fase lamelar licuado-cristalina licitotrópica utilizando láminas minerales.
  • Para demostrar la periodicidad sintonizable de estas nanoestructuras.
  • Explorar sus aplicaciones potenciales en la determinación de la estructura biomolecular.

Principales métodos:

  • Formación de una fase lamelar líquido-cristalina liotrópica con láminas de fosfatoantimonato.
  • Ajuste de la distancia entre las capas individuales de 1,5 a 225 nanómetros.
  • Investigando las propiedades mecánicas y magnéticas de la alineación.

Principales resultados:

  • Se sintetizó una nueva fase lamelar de láminas minerales planas, sólidas y covalentemente unidas.
  • El espaciado de capas era ajustable en un rango de 100 veces, creando estructuras 1D.
  • Estos materiales exhiben capacidades de alineación a través de amplios rangos de pH y temperatura.

Conclusiones:

  • Las hojas de fosfatoantimonato desarrolladas forman una versátil fase lamelar liotrópica con periodicidad sintonizable.
  • Sus propiedades de alineación son adecuadas para la determinación de la estructura de las biomoléculas a través de RMN en estado líquido.
  • Se espera que este enfoque conduzca al descubrimiento de nuevas fases lamelares liotrópicas minerales.