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Composición de carbono orgánico de los sedimentos marinos: efecto de la exposición al oxígeno en el potencial de
Y Gélinas1, J A Baldock, J I Hedges
1School of Oceanography, Box 357940, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7940, USA. ygelinas@alcor.concordia.ca
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 6, 2001
Resumen
La materia orgánica sedimentaria (OM) expuesta al oxígeno durante períodos más cortos, como en las zonas costeras, contiene más carbono alquilo no proteico, un indicador clave para la generación de petróleo. Una exposición más prolongada al óxido, común en los sedimentos de aguas profundas, reduce este carbono propenso al petróleo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geoquímica es la geoquímica.
- La geoquímica orgánica es la geoquímica orgánica.
- Geología sedimentaria geología sedimentaria.
Sus antecedentes:
- Tradicionalmente, las condiciones anaerobias están vinculadas a la generación de roca fuente de petróleo.
- El impacto de las condiciones de redox sedimentarias en la composición de la materia orgánica fresca (MO) sigue sin estar claro.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar cómo el tiempo de exposición in situ a condiciones óxicas afecta la composición de la OM acumulada.
- Investigar la relación entre la composición de OM y el potencial de generación de petróleo.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizó la espectroscopia de resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) de estado sólido 13C.
- Se analizaron espectros de RMN 13C para cuantificar el carbono alquilo en las estructuras de proteínas y no proteínas.
Principales resultados:
- Se observó una relación inversa entre la duración de la exposición al óxido y la abundancia de carbono de alquilo no proteico (alquilNP).
- Los sedimentos costeros con una corta exposición al óxido tenían concentraciones de carbono alquilNP significativamente más altas que los sedimentos de aguas profundas con una larga exposición.
- Las muestras ricas en alquilNP contenían un componente de polimetileno, característico de las pizarras bituminosas de tipo I.
Conclusiones:
- La duración de la exposición óxica influye directamente en la calidad y el potencial de generación de petróleo de OM en sedimentos marinos.
- Comprender la composición de OM bajo diferentes condiciones de redox es crucial para la exploración petrolera.
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