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El clima del Holoceno tardío y los cambios culturales en el suroeste de los Estados Unidos
1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, 200 Yale Boulevard, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA. polyak@unm.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 6, 2001
Resumen
Un registro climático de 4000 años de estalagmitas de las montañas de Guadalupe revela distintos períodos húmedos y secos en el suroeste de los Estados Unidos. Estos cambios climáticos se correlacionan con cambios en las actividades culturales de los pueblos indígenas y los patrones de asentamiento.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Paleoclimatología Paleoclimatología
- Geología Cuaternaria Geología Cuaternaria
- El suroeste de los EE.UU. Historia del clima.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las estalagmitas columnares ofrecen anualmente archivos resueltos de las condiciones climáticas pasadas.
- El clima del Holoceno tardío del suroeste de los Estados Unidos no se entiende completamente.
- Comprender la variabilidad climática pasada es crucial para interpretar los cambios ecológicos y culturales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para reconstruir una historia climática de 4000 años resuelta anualmente para el suroeste de los Estados Unidos.
- Para correlacionar los datos paleoclimáticos con el registro arqueológico de los pueblos indígenas.
- Investigar el impacto del cambio climático en los asentamientos humanos y las actividades culturales.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de estalagmitas columnares de las montañas de Guadalupe.
- Utilizando bandas anuales y hiatos para la resolución cronológica.
- Serie de uranio de alta precisión para la datación de restricciones de edad precisas.
Principales resultados:
- Un clima similar al actual existió desde hace 4000 a 3000 años, después de un Holoceno medio más seco.
- Un período más fresco y húmedo ocurrió desde hace 3000 a 800 años.
- Las condiciones similares a las actuales se reanudaron, con un breve intervalo más húmedo de 440 a 290 años antes del presente.
Conclusiones:
- Las reconstrucciones climáticas de estalagmitas proporcionan una historia detallada de la variabilidad climática del suroeste de los Estados Unidos.
- La historia climática reconstruida muestra fuertes correlaciones con los cambios en las actividades culturales indígenas.
- El cambio climático probablemente influyó en el abandono de viviendas y la redistribución de la población en la región.
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