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Cambios catastróficos en los ecosistemas
M Scheffer1, S Carpenter, J A Foley
1Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University, PO Box 8080, NL-6700 DD Wageningen, The Netherlands. marten.scheffer@aqec.wkao.wau.nl
Nature
|October 12, 2001
Resumen
Los ecosistemas pueden cambiar abruptamente a nuevos estados debido a cambios ambientales graduales. El mantenimiento de la resiliencia de los ecosistemas es clave para la gestión sostenible y la prevención de cambios drásticos de estado.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ecología Ecología Ecología.
- Ciencias ambientales Ciencias ambientales.
- Ciencias de la resiliencia Ciencia de la resiliencia.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los ecosistemas se enfrentan a cambios ambientales graduales como los cambios climáticos, la carga de nutrientes y la fragmentación del hábitat.
- A menudo se asume que estos cambios causan respuestas ecológicas suaves.
- Sin embargo, los ecosistemas como los lagos, los arrecifes de coral y los bosques pueden sufrir cambios de estado repentinos y drásticos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los mecanismos detrás de los cambios repentinos de estado de los ecosistemas.
- Para determinar el papel de la resiliencia en la prevención o facilitación de estos cambios.
- Informar las estrategias de gestión sostenible de los ecosistemas.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de estudios sobre varios ecosistemas (lagos, arrecifes de coral, océanos, bosques, tierras áridas).
- Análisis de los factores que desencadenan los interruptores de estado.
- Centrarse en el concepto de resiliencia de los ecosistemas.
Principales resultados:
- Los cambios ambientales graduales pueden conducir a cambios abruptos y no lineales en los estados de los ecosistemas.
- La pérdida de resiliencia a menudo precede a estos cambios drásticos.
- Existen diversos desencadenantes, pero la disminución de la resiliencia es una vía común.
Conclusiones:
- Los ecosistemas son vulnerables a cambios repentinos, lo que desafía la suposición de respuestas suaves al cambio gradual.
- Mantener o mejorar la resiliencia de los ecosistemas es crucial para evitar cambios de estado indeseables.
- La gestión sostenible debe priorizar la resiliencia para garantizar la estabilidad del ecosistema.
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