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Cambios catastróficos en los ecosistemas.

M Scheffer1, S Carpenter, J A Foley

  • 1Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University, PO Box 8080, NL-6700 DD Wageningen, The Netherlands. marten.scheffer@aqec.wkao.wau.nl

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Los ecosistemas pueden cambiar abruptamente a nuevos estados debido a cambios ambientales graduales. El mantenimiento de la resiliencia de los ecosistemas es clave para la gestión sostenible y la prevención de cambios drásticos de estado.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ecología Ecología Ecología.
  • Ciencias ambientales Ciencias ambientales.
  • Ciencias de la resiliencia Ciencia de la resiliencia.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los ecosistemas se enfrentan a cambios ambientales graduales como los cambios climáticos, la carga de nutrientes y la fragmentación del hábitat.
  • A menudo se asume que estos cambios causan respuestas ecológicas suaves.
  • Sin embargo, los ecosistemas como los lagos, los arrecifes de coral y los bosques pueden sufrir cambios de estado repentinos y drásticos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar los mecanismos detrás de los cambios repentinos de estado de los ecosistemas.
  • Para determinar el papel de la resiliencia en la prevención o facilitación de estos cambios.
  • Informar las estrategias de gestión sostenible de los ecosistemas.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de estudios sobre varios ecosistemas (lagos, arrecifes de coral, océanos, bosques, tierras áridas).
  • Análisis de los factores que desencadenan los interruptores de estado.
  • Centrarse en el concepto de resiliencia de los ecosistemas.

Principales resultados:

  • Los cambios ambientales graduales pueden conducir a cambios abruptos y no lineales en los estados de los ecosistemas.
  • La pérdida de resiliencia a menudo precede a estos cambios drásticos.
  • Existen diversos desencadenantes, pero la disminución de la resiliencia es una vía común.

Conclusiones:

  • Los ecosistemas son vulnerables a cambios repentinos, lo que desafía la suposición de respuestas suaves al cambio gradual.
  • Mantener o mejorar la resiliencia de los ecosistemas es crucial para evitar cambios de estado indeseables.
  • La gestión sostenible debe priorizar la resiliencia para garantizar la estabilidad del ecosistema.