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Ahorro de energía en la formación de vuelo

H Weimerskirch¹, J Martin, Y Clerquin

¹Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France.

|October 19, 2001

Resumen

Las aves grandes, como los pelícanos blancos, ahorran una cantidad significativa de energía cuando vuelan en formación V. Este ahorro de energía es probablemente un factor clave en la evolución del comportamiento en bandadas de las aves migratorias.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ornitología Ornitología.
Comportamiento animal Comportamiento animal.
La bioenergética es la bioenergética.

Sus antecedentes:

Muchas especies de aves grandes exhiben un comportamiento en bandadas, a menudo volando en forma de V.
Los beneficios potenciales incluyen demandas reducidas de potencia de vuelo, gasto de energía optimizado y mejor orientación del grupo a través de la comunicación.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para investigar el gasto de energía de los grandes pelícanos blancos que vuelan en formación de V.
Para cuantificar los beneficios energéticos del vuelo en formación en las aves.

Principales métodos:

Los pelícanos blancos (Pelecanus onocrotalus) fueron entrenados para volar en formación de V.
La frecuencia cardíaca se midió como un indicador del gasto de energía durante el vuelo.

Principales resultados:

Los pelícanos que vuelan en formación de V demostraron un ahorro significativo de energía en comparación con el vuelo en solitario.
Esto indica una reducción en el gasto energético al mantener un espacio óptimo dentro del grupo.

Conclusiones:

El vuelo de formación proporciona una ventaja energética sustancial para las aves grandes.
Esta ventaja es una probable fuerza impulsora detrás de la evolución de las formaciones de vuelo en las especies de aves migratorias.

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