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Llevar grandes cargas de combustible durante el vuelo sostenido de las aves es más barato de lo esperado
A Kvist1, Lindström A, M Green
1Department of Animal Ecology, Lund University, Ecology Building, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. anders.kvist@zooekol.lu.se
Nature
|October 19, 2001
Resumen
Las aves migratorias que llevan más combustible utilizan proporcionalmente menos energía metabólica adicional de lo previsto. El aumento de la eficiencia del músculo de vuelo con carga de combustible puede explicar los vuelos de larga distancia sin escalas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología de las aves.
- Ecología fisiológica ecología fisiológica.
- La biomecánica es la biomecánica.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las aves migratorias deben equilibrar el consumo de combustible durante el vuelo con la acumulación de combustible durante las escalas.
- El transporte de combustible aumenta las demandas de energía metabólica, lo que afecta la eficiencia del vuelo y las estrategias de migración.
- El impacto preciso de la carga de combustible en la potencia metabólica de entrada durante el vuelo sigue siendo empíricamente indeterminado.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para determinar empíricamente el efecto de la carga de combustible en la potencia metabólica total de entrada de una ave migratoria de larga distancia.
- Para investigar cómo la carga de combustible influye en la relación entre la potencia metabólica de entrada y la potencia mecánica de salida durante el vuelo.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó la técnica de agua doblemente etiquetada para medir la potencia metabólica total de entrada.
- Observado un migrante de larga distancia, el nudo rojo (Calidris canutus), durante 610 horas de vuelos en túnel de viento.
- Cargas de combustible variadas para evaluar su impacto en la potencia metabólica y mecánica.
Principales resultados:
- La potencia metabólica total ingresada aumentó con el aumento de la carga de combustible.
- Este aumento fue proporcionalmente menor de lo previsto basado en la potencia de salida mecánica.
- Se observó un aumento en la eficiencia de la conversión de energía metabólica a mecánica con cargas de combustible más altas.
Conclusiones:
- La eficiencia del músculo de vuelo probablemente aumenta con la carga de combustible en las aves migratorias.
- Los hallazgos requieren ajustes a los modelos actuales de vuelo y migración de aves.
- Este fenómeno puede explicar cómo algunas aves costeras logran vuelos sin escalas excepcionalmente largos a pesar de los altos costos de energía.
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