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La evolución in vitro sugiere múltiples orígenes para la ribozima cabeza de martillo.

K Salehi-Ashtiani1, J W Szostak

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA.

Nature
|November 2, 2001
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La ribozima de cabeza de martillo, un motivo de ARN autoclasificado, es la estructura más simple y más común para la autoclasificación del ARN en condiciones fisiológicas. Esto sugiere que la evolución favorece la solución más simple para los problemas bioquímicos, explicando su ocurrencia generalizada.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
  • Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
  • La bioquímica es la bioquímica.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La ribozima de la cabeza de martillo es un motivo de ARN autoclavado que se encuentra en diversos organismos, incluidas las plantas, los tritones, los esquistosomas y los grillos de cueva.
  • Su distribución esporádica sugiere orígenes antiguos o evolución independiente en diferentes especies.
  • Comprender las presiones evolutivas que dan forma a la distribución de la ribozima es crucial.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar los orígenes evolutivos y la distribución de la ribozima cabeza de martillo.
  • Determinar la estructura de ARN más simple capaz de auto-clivado a tasas biológicamente relevantes.
  • Explorar si los procesos evolutivos favorecen soluciones más simples para las funciones bioquímicas.

Principales métodos:

  • Se empleó la selección in vitro para examinar una biblioteca imparcial de secuencias aleatorias de ARN.
  • La selección tuvo como objetivo identificar motivos de autoclave con una actividad comparable a las conocidas ribozimas de cabeza de martillo.
  • Los experimentos se llevaron a cabo en condiciones casi fisiológicas para imitar entornos biológicos.

Principales resultados:

  • El motivo de la ribozima cabeza de martillo surgió como la estructura de ARN más común y más simple capaz de auto-clivado.
  • Esta auto-escisión se produjo a tasas comparables a las observadas en los sistemas biológicos.
  • Los hallazgos fueron consistentes a través de condiciones casi fisiológicas.

Conclusiones:

  • La prevalencia de la ribozima cabeza de martillo sugiere que las vías evolutivas a menudo se canalizan hacia las soluciones bioquímicas más simples.
  • Este principio de selección de la estructura funcional más simple puede explicar su presencia generalizada en la naturaleza.
  • La selección de laboratorio refleja los procesos evolutivos naturales en favor de la simplicidad.