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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...

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Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
10:28

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

La reprogramación de la función del genoma a través de la herencia epigenética.

M A Surani1

  • 1Wellcome CRC Institute of Cancer and Developmental Biology and Physiology Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK. as10021@mole.bio.cam.ac.uk

Nature
|November 2, 2001
PubMed
Resumen

La diferenciación celular surge de la expresión génica selectiva. Sorprendentemente, las células pueden recuperar la totipotencia, lo que permite la reprogramación para aplicaciones terapéuticas con células madre.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología celular Biología celular.
  • Genética La genética.
  • Biología del desarrollo Biología del desarrollo.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Todas las células poseen los mismos genes, pero exhiben diversas funciones.
  • La expresión genética selectiva y la represión dictan la identidad y especialización celular.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Explorar los mecanismos que subyacen a la plasticidad genómica y la totipotencia.
  • Para entender cómo las células diferenciadas pueden ser reprogramadas.

Principales métodos:

  • Investigando las vías de regulación génica.
  • Analizando las modificaciones epigenéticas.
  • Estudiar las técnicas de reprogramación celular.

Principales resultados:

  • Se identificaron reguladores clave de la expresión génica.
  • Demostró el potencial para la desdiferenciación y la totipotencia.
  • Mecanismos descubiertos de la plasticidad genómica.

Conclusiones:

  • La identidad celular es plástica y puede revertirse.
  • La comprensión de la totipotencia es crucial para la terapia con células madre.
  • Investigaciones adicionales avanzarán en la manipulación de células madre para la medicina.