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Papel potencial de la farmacogenómica en la reducción de las reacciones adversas a los medicamentos: una revisión
K A Phillips1, D L Veenstra, E Oren
1School of Pharmacy, Institute for Health Policy Studies, and Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco, 3333 California St, Room 420, Box 0613, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. kathryn@itsa.ucsf.edu
JAMA
|November 17, 2001
Resumen
La farmacogenómica, que utiliza información genética para adaptar terapias farmacológicas, es prometedora en la prevención de reacciones adversas a los medicamentos. Este enfoque puede reducir significativamente los resultados negativos para la salud asociados con los medicamentos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La farmacogenómica es la farmacogenómica.
- Metabolismo de las drogas Metabolismo de las drogas
- Variabilidad genética La variabilidad genética.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las reacciones adversas a los medicamentos son una de las principales causas de enfermedad y muerte.
- La individualización de la terapia farmacológica mediante el uso de información genética (farmacogenómica) puede prevenir estas reacciones.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar el potencial de la farmacogenómica para disminuir las reacciones adversas a los medicamentos.
Principales métodos:
- Buscado MEDLINE para estudios de reacciones adversas a los medicamentos (1995-2000) y revisiones de alelos variantes (1997-2000).
- Incluyó 18 estudios de reacciones adversas al fármaco y 22 revisiones de alelos variantes basadas en criterios estrictos.
- Se utilizaron formas estandarizadas de abstracción para la extracción de datos.
Principales resultados:
- Identificó 27 medicamentos citados con frecuencia para las reacciones adversas.
- El 59% de estos medicamentos son metabolizados por enzimas con alelos variantes que causan un mal metabolismo.
- En contraste, sólo el 7%-22% de los fármacos seleccionados al azar tienen tal variabilidad genética.
Conclusiones:
- La terapia farmacológica genéticamente adaptada podría reducir significativamente los resultados adversos.
- Se necesita más investigación sobre el papel de la farmacogenómica en la reducción de las reacciones adversas y sus implicaciones.
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