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Aumento de los daños por incendios en bosques talados durante las sequías causadas por El Niño
F Siegert1, G Ruecker, A Hinrichs
1Ludwig Maximilians University, Department of Biology, Luisenstrasse 14, 80333 München, Germany. fsiegert@zi.biologie.uni-muenchen.de
Nature
|November 24, 2001
Resumen
Los incendios forestales tropicales en 1997-98 impactaron desproporcionadamente en los bosques talados, lo que apoya el vínculo entre la tala selectiva y el aumento de la susceptibilidad al fuego. Este daño aumenta los riesgos futuros de incendio debido a la abundante madera muerta y inflamable.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias del medio ambiente Ciencias del medio ambiente.
- Ecología Forestal Ecología Forestal
- La detección remota con sensores.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las sequías excepcionales vinculadas a El Niño / Oscilación Sur (ENSO) causaron incendios generalizados en la selva tropical en 1997-98.
- La tala selectiva puede aumentar la susceptibilidad de la selva tropical a los incendios.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la relación entre la tala selectiva y el impacto de los incendios durante los incendios indonesios de 1997-98.
- Para evaluar el alcance y los efectos de la vegetación de estos incendios en Kalimantan Oriental, Borneo.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis multiscala utilizando imágenes de satélite ópticas y de radar de resolución gruesa y alta.
- Encuestas terrestres y aéreas para validar datos satelitales y evaluar daños por incendios.
- El análisis se centró en distinguir el impacto del fuego en los bosques primarios, talados selectivamente y talados durante mucho tiempo.
Principales resultados:
- 5.2 +/- 0.3 millones de hectáreas quemadas, incluidas 2.6 millones de hectáreas de bosque.
- Los incendios afectaron predominantemente a los bosques recién talados; los bosques primarios o de larga duración mostraron menos daños.
- Daños significativos en los bosques restantes y mayor riesgo de futuros incendios debido a la madera muerta y inflamable.
Conclusiones:
- Los resultados apoyan un bucle de retroalimentación positiva entre las actividades madereras y la aparición de incendios en las selvas tropicales.
- Las prácticas de tala selectiva exacerban los daños por incendios y aumentan la probabilidad de desastres de incendios recurrentes.
- El estudio destaca la vulnerabilidad de los bosques tropicales talados a los eventos extremos impulsados por el clima.
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