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Ascenso y crecimiento gradual oblicuo de la meseta del Tíbet

P Tapponnier¹, X Zhiqin, F Roger

¹Institut de Physique du Globe, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France. tappon@ipgp.jussieu.fr

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|November 27, 2001

Resumen

La meseta tibetana es la meseta tibetana.

Área de la Ciencia:

Geología Geología Geología.
La tectónica de placas es la tectónica de placas.
La geodinámica es la geodinámica.

Sus antecedentes:

Dos modelos explican la gran elevación del Tíbet: el flujo generalizado de la corteza terrestre o el corte localizado entre los bloques litosféricos.
La reciente deformación del Cenozoico, el magmatismo y los datos sísmicos apoyan el modelo de cizallamiento localizado.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para investigar los mecanismos de formación de la alta meseta tibetana.
Para analizar la deformación del Cenozoico, el magmatismo y la estructura sísmica.

Principales métodos:

Análisis de los patrones de deformación del Cenozoico.
Examen de los cinturones magmáticos y su progresión por edad.
Interpretación de las estructuras sísmicas.
Modelado del engrosamiento de la corteza terrestre y el desacoplamiento del manto.

Principales resultados:

El ascenso de la meseta tibetana se produjo en tres etapas, que implican la elevación sucesiva de las cuñas de empuje de la corteza terrestre.
El engrosamiento de la corteza fue acompañado por el desacoplamiento del manto, no por un engrosamiento uniforme.
La sedimentación en cuencas intermontañas creó llanuras altas planas después de cada etapa de elevación.
Los cinturones magmáticos que se rejuvenecen hacia el norte sugieren una subducción secuencial del manto asiático debajo de las cordilleras del norte.
La subducción oblicuo y las fallas de deslizamiento contribuyeron al crecimiento de la meseta hacia el este y el noreste.

Conclusiones:

La formación de la meseta tibetana se explica mejor por el corte localizado y dependiente del tiempo entre los bloques litosféricos, no por un flujo viscoso uniforme.
La tectónica de placas, incluyendo la subducción oblicuo y deslizamiento-partitioning, jugó un papel importante en el desarrollo de la meseta, en particular su expansión hacia el este y noreste.

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