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Muertes violentas asociadas a la escuela en los Estados Unidos, 1994-1999
M Anderson1, J Kaufman, T R Simon
1Division of Violence Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mailstop K-60, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. mea6@cdc.gov
JAMA
|December 26, 2001
Resumen
Las muertes violentas asociadas a la escuela, aunque son raras, muestran patrones. Las tasas de homicidios por eventos de víctimas múltiples aumentaron, y se identificaron factores de riesgo como el acoso y el comportamiento suicida en los delincuentes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Criminología de la Criminología.
- Seguridad Educativa en la Educación.
Sus antecedentes:
- La preocupación pública por los tiroteos escolares a fines de la década de 1990 puso de relieve la falta de datos sobre las muertes violentas asociadas a la escuela.
- Comprender la incidencia y las características de estos eventos es crucial para desarrollar estrategias efectivas de prevención.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Analizar las tendencias recientes y las características de las muertes violentas que ocurren en las escuelas de los Estados Unidos.
- Identificar posibles factores de riesgo asociados con la perpetuación y la victimización en eventos violentos asociados a la escuela.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio de vigilancia basado en la población analizó datos de medios de comunicación, agencias gubernamentales y fuerzas del orden público de 1994 a 1999.
- Los casos incluyeron homicidios, suicidios, intervenciones legales y muertes involuntarias por armas de fuego en el recinto escolar, durante los desplazamientos o en eventos escolares.
- Se calcularon las estimaciones nacionales de riesgo, tendencias, características comunes y factores de riesgo.
Principales resultados:
- 220 eventos resultaron en 253 muertes entre 1994 y 1999; 172 fueron homicidios.
- La tasa de homicidios de estudiantes con una sola víctima disminuyó, pero las tasas de homicidios con múltiples víctimas aumentaron.
- Los eventos a menudo ocurrieron cerca de las horas de inicio / finalización de la escuela o el almuerzo; se informaron indicadores de riesgo previos en más de la mitad de los incidentes.
- Los delincuentes en eventos de homicidio tenían más probabilidades de haber exhibido comportamiento suicida o haber sido intimidados.
Conclusiones:
- Las muertes violentas asociadas a la escuela, aunque poco frecuentes, presentan patrones discernibles y factores de riesgo.
- Estos datos pueden informar los protocolos de seguridad escolar y las intervenciones para mitigar la violencia.
- La identificación de factores de riesgo como el acoso y las ideas suicidas entre los delincuentes potenciales es clave para la prevención.
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