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Desnutrición y mortalidad en el distrito de Kohistan, Afganistán, abril de 2001
F Assefa1, M Z Jabarkhil, P Salama
1Save the Children-USA, 2000 M St NW, Suite 500, Washington, DC 20036, USA. fassefa1@dc.savechildren.org
JAMA
|December 26, 2001
Resumen
Afganistán Afganistán es el país.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Estudios Humanitarios Los estudios humanitarios son los estudios que se realizan en el ámbito de los estudios humanitarios.
Sus antecedentes:
- La situación humanitaria de Afganistán ha empeorado debido a la prolongada guerra civil y la severa sequía.
- Los organismos internacionales predicen una escalada significativa de la crisis.
- El estudio se centra en el distrito de Kohistan en la provincia de Faryab, una región que enfrenta graves desafíos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Determinar las tasas de mortalidad y sus causas en el distrito de Kohistan.
- Evaluar la prevalencia de la desnutrición entre los niños de la región.
- Identificar los mecanismos de afrontamiento de los alimentos que son indicativos de una crisis humanitaria.
Principales métodos:
- Una encuesta de hogares de 30 grupos en dos etapas se llevó a cabo del 4 al 10 de abril de 2001.
- La recopilación de datos incluyó mediciones antropométricas, estrategias de afrontamiento de alimentos y mortalidad retrospectiva.
- La encuesta cubrió 378 hogares con 3165 personas.
Principales resultados:
- La tasa bruta de mortalidad fue de 2,6 por 10.000 por día; para los niños menores de 5 años, fue de 5,9 por 10.000 por día.
- Las principales causas de muerte incluyeron diarrea (25,0%), infecciones respiratorias (19,4%) y sarampión (15,7%).
- La desnutrición era alta, con un 7,0% de desgaste y un 63,7% de retraso en el crecimiento en niños de 6 a 59 meses de edad. Los indicadores de inseguridad alimentaria estaban presentes.
Conclusiones:
- Para abril de 2001, Kohistan se enfrentaba a una grave crisis humanitaria.
- Necesidad urgente de servicios esenciales como ayuda alimentaria y programas de salud pública.
- El establecimiento de un "espacio humanitario" es fundamental para que las organizaciones de ayuda puedan acceder a las poblaciones y evitar una mayor escalada de la crisis.
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