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El área de Broca asimétrica en los grandes simios
1Division of Psychobiology and Living Links Center, Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. lrcbh@rmy.emory.edu
Nature
|December 6, 2001
Resumen
Los grandes simios comparten una asimetría cerebral con los humanos en un área clave del habla. Esto sugiere que la base neurológica para el dominio del lenguaje es anterior a la evolución humana y no es exclusiva de nuestra especie.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- Anatomía comparada y anatomía comparada.
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
Sus antecedentes:
- El área 44 de Brodmann, parte del área de Broca en el giro frontal inferior, es crucial para la producción del habla.
- En los seres humanos, esta área exhibe un dominio del hemisferio izquierdo, que está vinculado a la lateralización del lenguaje.
- Comprender los orígenes evolutivos de esta asimetría es clave para comprender la evolución del lenguaje.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar si la asimetría del hemisferio izquierdo observada en el área 44 de Brodmann humano está presente en otras especies de grandes simios.
- Para explorar la línea de tiempo evolutiva de la lateralización cerebral relacionada con la producción del habla.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis comparativo del área 44 de Brodmann en chimpancés (Pan troglodytes), bonobos (Pan paniscus) y gorilas (Gorilla gorilla).
- Evaluación de las diferencias de tamaño hemisférico en esta región específica del cerebro en las especies estudiadas.
Principales resultados:
- Una dominación similar del hemisferio izquierdo en el área 44 de Brodmann se encontró en las tres especies de grandes simios examinadas.
- Esta asimetría anatómica refleja el patrón observado en los seres humanos.
Conclusiones:
- Los sustratos neuroanatómicos para el dominio del hemisferio izquierdo en la producción del habla estaban presentes hace al menos cinco millones de años.
- Estos hallazgos indican que tales asimetrías no son exclusivas de la evolución de los homínidos y probablemente tienen raíces evolutivas más profundas.
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