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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Crossing Over01:34

Crossing Over

Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process called synapsis.
In order to...
M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis02:15

M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis

Checkpoints throughout the cell cycle serve as safeguards and gatekeepers, allowing the cell cycle to progress in favorable conditions and slow or halt it in problematic ones. This regulation is known as the cell cycle control system.
Cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks, work in concert with cyclins to control cell cycle transitions. M-Cdk, a complex of Cdk1 bound to M cyclin, is a well-known example of this coordinated control that drives the transition from the G2 to the M phase.
M cyclin...
Attachment of Sister Chromatids02:57

Attachment of Sister Chromatids

As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules.  Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall of a...
M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis02:15

M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis

Checkpoints throughout the cell cycle serve as safeguards and gatekeepers, allowing the cell cycle to progress in favorable conditions and slow or halt it in problematic ones. This regulation is known as the cell cycle control system.
Cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks, work in concert with cyclins to control cell cycle transitions. M-Cdk, a complex of Cdk1 bound to M cyclin, is a well-known example of this coordinated control that drives the transition from the G2 to the M phase.
M cyclin...
Attachment of Sister Chromatids02:57

Attachment of Sister Chromatids

As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules.  Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall of a...
Crossing Over01:30

Crossing Over

Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I, duplicated...

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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Studying Mitotic Checkpoint by Illustrating Dynamic Kinetochore Protein Behavior and Chromosome Motion in Living Drosophila Syncytial Embryos
13:59

Studying Mitotic Checkpoint by Illustrating Dynamic Kinetochore Protein Behavior and Chromosome Motion in Living Drosophila Syncytial Embryos

Published on: June 14, 2012

Dinámica cromosómica en el núcleo de interfase de la levadura.

P Heun1, T Laroche, K Shimada

  • 1University of Geneva, Department of Molecular Biology, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 12, 2001
PubMed
Resumen

El movimiento de la cromatina en las células de levadura es altamente móvil durante la fase G1, pero se limita durante la fase S debido a la replicación del ADN. Los telómeros y los centrómeros restringen el movimiento de la cromatina independientemente de la replicación.

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Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Studying Mitotic Checkpoint by Illustrating Dynamic Kinetochore Protein Behavior and Chromosome Motion in Living Drosophila Syncytial Embryos
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Examination of Mitotic and Meiotic Fission Yeast Nuclear Dynamics by Fluorescence Live-cell Microscopy

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología celular Biología celular.
  • Genética La genética.
  • Biología Molecular Biología Molecular

Sus antecedentes:

  • Comprender la dinámica cromosómica dentro del núcleo de interfase es crucial para comprender la organización y función del genoma.
  • Investigaciones anteriores han limitado los conocimientos sobre el movimiento en tiempo real de los loci genómicos específicos durante el ciclo celular.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar la dinámica y el posicionamiento subnuclear de regiones cromosómicas específicas durante el ciclo celular de la levadura.
  • Determinar los factores que influyen en la movilidad de la cromatina, incluyendo la fase del ciclo celular y la replicación del ADN.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizó una fusión de proteína fluorescente verde (GFP) con el sistema lacrepresor para etiquetar regiones cromosómicas específicas en el genoma de la levadura.
  • Monitoreó el movimiento y las posiciones subnucleares de los sitios genómicos etiquetados a intervalos de tiempo cortos.

Principales resultados:

  • Los orígenes de replicación temprana y tardía exhiben una alta movilidad en la fase G1, moviéndose rápidamente de una manera dependiente de la energía.
  • La difusión de cromatina observada en G1 se restringe en la fase S a través de un mecanismo vinculado a la replicación activa del ADN.
  • Los telómeros y los centrómeros imponen restricciones independientes de la replicación en el movimiento de la cromatina a lo largo de las fases G1 y S.

Conclusiones:

  • La movilidad de la cromatina se regula dinámicamente durante el ciclo celular, influenciada por el estado de replicación del ADN.
  • Las regiones genómicas específicas como los telómeros y los centrómeros actúan como anclas, proporcionando restricciones estructurales en la organización de la cromatina.