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El control de la hepatitis A a través de la vacunación de rutina de los niños
F Averhoff1, C N Shapiro, B P Bell
1National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
JAMA
|December 26, 2001
Resumen
La vacunación de rutina contra la hepatitis A infantil redujo significativamente la incidencia de la enfermedad en una comunidad de California. La vacuna demostró una alta eficacia, controlando las epidemias y reduciendo los casos tanto en niños como en adultos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Vacunología Vacunología.
Sus antecedentes:
- El impacto de la vacunación infantil rutinaria contra la hepatitis A en comunidades con altas tasas de enfermedad no se había evaluado previamente.
- Las epidemias recurrentes de hepatitis A representan un desafío significativo para la salud pública.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar la efectividad de la vacunación rutinaria contra la hepatitis A para niños en la reducción de la incidencia de la enfermedad en una comunidad que experimenta epidemias recurrentes.
Principales métodos:
- Un proyecto de demostración basado en la comunidad se llevó a cabo en el condado de Butte, California, de 1995 a 2000.
- La vacunación contra la hepatitis A se ofreció a niños de 2 a 17 años a través de clínicas escolares, proveedores de atención médica y clínicas de salud pública.
- Las principales medidas de resultado incluyeron la cobertura de vacunación, la incidencia de la hepatitis A y la efectividad de la vacuna.
Principales resultados:
- Más del 66% de los niños elegibles recibieron al menos una dosis de vacuna, y casi el 40% recibieron dos dosis.
- Los casos de hepatitis A en la población del condado disminuyeron en un 93,5% durante el período de estudio.
- La efectividad de la vacuna se estimó en un 98%, con solo un caso vacunado que ocurrió después de la vacunación.
Conclusiones:
- La vacunación contra la hepatitis A en niños demostró ser altamente efectiva en la prevención de la enfermedad entre los receptores.
- La vacunación infantil redujo con éxito la incidencia de la hepatitis A tanto en niños como en adultos.
- La vacunación de rutina controlaba la hepatitis A en una comunidad propensa a epidemias recurrentes.
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