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Fatalidades por bebidas y embarcaciones recreativas: un estudio de caso y control basado en la población.
G S Smith1, P M Keyl, J A Hadley
1Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, Baltimore, MD. Gordon.Smith@LibertyMutual.com
JAMA
|December 26, 2001
Resumen
El consumo de alcohol aumenta significativamente el riesgo de fatalidades en embarcaciones, tanto para los pasajeros como para los operadores. Incluso las bajas concentraciones de alcohol en sangre (BAC) elevan el riesgo de mortalidad, lo que pone de relieve la necesidad de estrategias integrales de prevención.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Prevención de accidentes Prevención de los accidentes Prevención de los accidentes Prevención de los accidentes Prevención de los accidentes Prevención de los accidentes Prevención de los accidentes
Sus antecedentes:
- El alcohol es un factor conocido en las muertes en embarcaciones, pero su asociación precisa con el riesgo de mortalidad entre los navegantes requiere cuantificación.
- Investigaciones anteriores no han aclarado completamente la relación entre el consumo de alcohol y las muertes relacionadas con la navegación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Cuantificar la asociación entre el consumo de alcohol y el riesgo relativo estimado (RR) de mortalidad entre los navegantes recreativos.
- Determinar si este riesgo difiere entre pasajeros y operadores.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó un estudio de caso-control utilizando datos de muertes por navegación recreativa (n=221) y un grupo de control de navegantes (n=3943) en Maryland y Carolina del Norte.
- El estudio analizó el RR estimado de la mortalidad asociada con varios niveles de concentración de alcohol en sangre (BAC).
Principales resultados:
- Un BAC de 10 mg/dL se asoció con un aumento de 1,3 veces en el RR de la muerte (OR, 1.3; IC del 95%, 1.2-1.4).
- La OR para la muerte alcanzó 52,4 (95% IC, 25,9-106,1) con un BAC de 250 mg/dL.
- El aumento del riesgo fue consistente entre los pasajeros y los operadores, independientemente del tipo de embarcación o actividad.
Conclusiones:
- El consumo de alcohol demuestra que aumenta el riesgo de fatalidades en embarcaciones, con riesgos que aumentan a niveles más altos de BAC.
- Las estrategias de prevención dirigidas únicamente a los operadores de embarcaciones son insuficientes, ya que los pasajeros también enfrentan riesgos elevados.
- Las contramedidas efectivas deben centrarse en la reducción del consumo de alcohol entre todos los ocupantes del barco para mitigar las muertes por accidentes náuticos.
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