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El tabaquismo materno, el polimorfismo de genes metabólicos y el peso al nacer del bebé
Xiaobin Wang1, Barry Zuckerman, Colleen Pearson
1Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, 91 E Concord St, Maternity 4, Boston, MA 02118, USA. xbwang@bu.edu
JAMA
|January 12, 2002
Resumen
Las variaciones genéticas maternas en CYP1A1 y GSTT1 influyen en cómo el humo del cigarrillo afecta el peso al nacer del bebé. Los genotipos específicos amplifican el impacto negativo del tabaquismo en el crecimiento fetal.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Genética La genética.
- Salud Ambiental Salud del medio ambiente.
- Obstetrías y Obstetricia.
Sus antecedentes:
- La susceptibilidad genética al humo del cigarrillo y los resultados adversos del embarazo se entiende mal.
- Investigar las interacciones entre genes y medio ambiente es crucial para comprender las complicaciones del embarazo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Examinar si las variaciones genéticas maternas en CYP1A1 y GSTT1 modifican la asociación entre el tabaquismo y el peso al nacer.
- Identificar las interacciones específicas entre genes y medio ambiente que afectan el desarrollo fetal.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio de caso-control en el que participaron 741 madres (174 fumadoras, 567 no fumadoras).
- Se analizó el peso al nacer y la gestación en relación con el estado de tabaquismo materno y los genotipos CYP1A1/GSTT1.
- Los casos incluyeron bebés prematuros o de bajo peso al nacer; los controles fueron bebés a término, no de bajo peso al nacer.
Principales resultados:
- El tabaquismo materno se asoció con una reducción del peso al nacer (377g).
- Los genotipos CYP1A1 (Aa/aa) y GSTT1 (ausente) amplificaron significativamente la reducción del peso al nacer en fumadores (hasta 1285g).
- No se observó ningún efecto adverso independiente de estos genotipos en los no fumadores.
Conclusiones:
- Los genotipos maternos de CYP1A1 y GSTT1 modifican significativamente el impacto del tabaquismo en el peso al nacer del bebé.
- Estos hallazgos sugieren una interacción crítica entre genes metabólicos específicos y exposiciones ambientales como fumar durante el embarazo.
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