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El consumo de alcohol y el riesgo de demencia: el estudio de Rotterdam
Annemieke Ruitenberg1, John C van Swieten, Jacqueline C M Witteman
1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Centre, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Lancet (London, England)
|February 7, 2002
Resumen
El consumo de alcohol de leve a moderado puede reducir el riesgo de demencia. Este estudio encontró que beber de una a tres bebidas alcohólicas al día estaba relacionado con un riesgo significativamente menor de desarrollar demencia en adultos mayores.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurología Neurología.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Gerontología Gerontología.
Sus antecedentes:
- La ingesta leve a moderada de alcohol está relacionada con un riesgo reducido de enfermedades cardiovasculares y cerebrovasculares.
- Las afecciones vasculares son factores de riesgo conocidos para el deterioro cognitivo y la demencia.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la asociación entre el consumo de alcohol y el riesgo de desarrollar demencia.
- Para explorar si la ingesta de alcohol influye en el riesgo de demencia en adultos mayores.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio prospectivo basado en la población de Rotterdam que involucró a 5395 participantes mayores de 55 años sin demencia basal.
- Seguimiento hasta 1999 con un 99,7% de datos completos.
- Análisis de regresión de riesgos proporcionales ajustado por factores demográficos y de salud clave.
Principales resultados:
- El consumo ligero a moderado (1-3 bebidas / día) se asoció significativamente con un riesgo reducido de demencia por todas las causas (HR 0.58) y demencia vascular (HR 0.29).
- No se encontró una asociación significativa para el consumo excesivo de alcohol.
- El tipo de bebida alcohólica no alteró la relación observada.
Conclusiones:
- El consumo de alcohol ligero a moderado se asocia con un menor riesgo de demencia en personas de 55 años o más.
- Estos hallazgos sugieren un efecto protector potencial de la ingesta moderada de alcohol en la salud cognitiva en poblaciones envejecidas.
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