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Diversidad insospechada entre los fototróficos anoxigenos aeróbicos marinos
Oded Béjà1, Marcelino T Suzuki, John F Heidelberg
1Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, California 95039-0628, USA.
Nature
|February 8, 2002
Resumen
Las bacterias marinas utilizan la bacterioclorofila a (Bchla) para la fotosíntesis y requieren oxígeno. El análisis genómico revela diversos grupos de bacterias fotosintéticamente activas, incluidas las beta-proteobacterias no observadas anteriormente, en comunidades planctónicas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Microbiología Microbiología.
- Biología Marina Biología Marina.
- La genómica es la genómica.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las bacterias aeróbicas, anoxígenas y fototróficas usan bacterioclorófila a (Bchla) y requieren oxígeno para el crecimiento y la síntesis de Bchla.
- Estas bacterias prevalecen en el plancton marino, contribuyendo significativamente al transporte de electrones fotosintéticos y a las comunidades microbianas.
- Anteriormente, los fototróficos anoxigenos planctónicos conocidos se limitaban a grupos específicos dentro de la subclase alfa de Proteobacteria.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar el contenido genómico y la organización de los genes fotosintéticos en bacterias marinas de origen natural.
- Para identificar nuevas bacterias fotosintéticas en entornos marinos.
- Comprender la diversidad de fotótrofos anoxigenos en las agrupaciones de bacterias planctónicas.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis genómicos del contenido de genes fotosintéticos y la organización del operón.
- Análisis de bacterias marinas que ocurren naturalmente.
- Evaluación de la expresión génica en conjuntos de bacterioplancton.
Principales resultados:
- Descubrimiento de grupos de genes fotosintéticos que se asemejan a Proteobacteria de la subclase beta, no observados previamente en entornos marinos.
- Amplia distribución de estos genes fotosintéticos en el plancton marino.
- La expresión activa de estos genes en el bacterioplancton nervioso, lo que indica la competencia fotosintética.
- Identificación de múltiples grupos de bacterias fotosinteticamente activas, distantes y relacionadas, desafiando las suposiciones previas de uniformidad.
Conclusiones:
- Los conjuntos de bacterias planctónicas marinas son más diversos de lo que se pensaba anteriormente, y comprenden múltiples grupos fotosintéticos distantemente relacionados.
- Los hallazgos amplían la diversidad conocida de fotótrofos marinos anoxígenos, incluidas las nuevas beta-proteobacterias.
- Estos fototróficos recientemente identificados son fotosintéticamente activos y contribuyen a los ecosistemas marinos.
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