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La base molecular para la sensibilidad específica de la especie a los chiles "calientes"
Sven-Eric Jordt1, David Julius
1Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA.
Cell
|February 21, 2002
Resumen
Las aves son indiferentes a la pimienta picante.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología molecular La biología molecular.
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- Ecología Ecología Ecología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los chiles producen capsaicina, un compuesto picante que disuade a los mamíferos pero no a las aves.
- Las aves actúan como vectores de dispersión de semillas debido a su indiferencia a la capsaicina.
- La base molecular de esta respuesta específica de la especie no se entiende completamente.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Determinar la base molecular para la respuesta diferencial de comportamiento a la capsaicina entre mamíferos y aves.
- Para identificar el dominio receptor específico responsable de la sensibilidad a la capsaicina.
Principales métodos:
- Identificó un dominio específico dentro del receptor vanilloide de la rata.
- Transfirió este dominio al receptor vanilloide de pollo ortholog.
- Evaluó la respuesta funcional del receptor modificado de pollo a la capsaicina, el calor y los protones.
Principales resultados:
- Un dominio específico del receptor vanilloide de la rata confirió sensibilidad a la capsaicina al pollo ortholog.
- El receptor modificado del pollo, al igual que su homólogo mamífero, fue activado por el calor y los protones.
- Esto indica que las aves y los mamíferos comparten sensibilidad al calor nocivo y hipersensibilidad térmica.
Conclusiones:
- Proporciona una explicación molecular para el fenómeno ecológico de la disuasión dirigida.
- Sugiere que la capacidad de detectar sustancias inflamatorias similares a la capsaicina es una adquisición evolutiva reciente en los receptores vanilloides de mamíferos.
- Destaca el papel de los dominios receptores específicos en la configuración de la percepción sensorial específica de la especie y las interacciones ecológicas.
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