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Una síntesis química racional del C60

Lawrence T Scott¹, Margaret M Boorum, Brandon J McMahon

¹Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467-3860, USA. lawrence.scott@bc.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|February 23, 2002

Resumen

Los investigadores sintetizaron el menor fullereno estable, el C60, mediante un proceso químico de 12 pasos. Este método produce C60 puro sin subproductos, lo que permite la preparación de laboratorio de fullereno dirigido.

Área de la Ciencia:

Química orgánica es la química orgánica.
Ciencia de los materiales Ciencia de los materiales.
Nanotecnología La nanotecnología es la nanotecnología.

Sus antecedentes:

Los fullerenos, incluida la forma estable más pequeña C60, son alótropos de carbono significativos con propiedades únicas.
Los métodos de síntesis anteriores, como la vaporización de grafito, a menudo producen mezclas de fullerenos y son difíciles de controlar.
La síntesis dirigida de fullerenos específicos, especialmente C60, ha sido un desafío de larga data en la química.

Objetivo del estudio:

Desarrollar un método químico racional para la síntesis específica de C60.
Para lograr cantidades aislables de C60 puro.
Establecer un método versátil para la preparación dirigida en laboratorio de otros fullerenos.

Principales métodos:

Una ruta sintética de 12 pasos a partir de materiales disponibles en el mercado.
Diseño y síntesis de un precursor específico de hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos con sustitutos del cloro.
La pirólisis en vacío de flash del precursor a 1100 grados C para inducir la ciclización y formar C60.

Principales resultados:

Síntesis exitosa de cantidades aislables de C60.
El método produjo exclusivamente C60, sin que se observaran otros subproductos del fullereno.
La síntesis se logró a través del diseño químico racional y la pirólisis controlada.

Conclusiones:

Una novedosa síntesis química en varios pasos proporciona una ruta confiable hacia el C60 puro.
La metodología desarrollada permite la síntesis de fullereno específica del objetivo.
Este enfoque abre posibilidades para la preparación de varios fullerenos en el laboratorio, incluidos aquellos que no se pueden obtener a través de métodos tradicionales.

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