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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Group Design02:01

Group Design

The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between the two are due to...
Blind Procedures02:07

Blind Procedures

Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which child was...
Random Sampling Method01:09

Random Sampling Method

Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest. Among the various sampling methods used by...
Randomized Experiments01:13

Randomized Experiments

The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
Simple...
Blinding01:11

Blinding

Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
Censoring Survival Data01:09

Censoring Survival Data

Survival analysis is a statistical method used to analyze time-to-event data, often employed in fields such as medicine, engineering, and social sciences. One of the key challenges in survival analysis is dealing with incomplete data, a phenomenon known as "censoring." Censoring occurs when the event of interest (such as death, relapse, or system failure) has not occurred for some individuals by the end of the study period or is otherwise unobservable, and it might have many different reasons...

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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Comparing the Frequency Effect Between the Lexical Decision and Naming Tasks in Chinese
08:08

Comparing the Frequency Effect Between the Lexical Decision and Naming Tasks in Chinese

Published on: April 1, 2016

Ocultamiento de asignación en ensayos aleatorios: defensa contra el descifrado.

Kenneth F Schulz1, David A Grimes

  • 1Family Health International, PO Box 13950, 27709, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA. KSchulz@fhi.org

Lancet (London, England)
|February 28, 2002
PubMed
Resumen

La ocultación adecuada de la asignación es esencial para ensayos controlados aleatorios imparciales. Sin ella, los resultados del ensayo pueden ser sesgados, enfatizando la necesidad de un diseño de ensayo inteligente para evitar la manipulación.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Metodología de ensayos clínicos Metodología de ensayos clínicos.
  • La bioestadística es la bioestadística.
  • Integridad de la investigación Integridad de la investigación

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los ensayos controlados aleatorios (ECA) son fundamentales para la medicina basada en la evidencia.
  • La ocultación adecuada de la asignación es fundamental para mantener la integridad de los ECA.
  • La subversión de las secuencias de asignación aleatoria puede ocurrir si la ocultación es inadecuada.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para resaltar la importancia de la ocultación robusta de la asignación en los ECA.
  • Discutir los desafíos y las implicaciones de la ocultación inadecuada de la asignación.
  • Para enfatizar la necesidad de un diseño de ensayo inteligente para evitar el sesgo.

Principales métodos:

  • El resumen analiza los principios de ocultación de asignación en el diseño de ensayos clínicos.
  • Examina el potencial de subversión de las secuencias de asignación aleatoria.
  • Revisa el impacto de la ocultación inadecuada en las estimaciones del efecto del tratamiento.

Principales resultados:

  • La ocultación inadecuada de la asignación conduce a estimaciones sesgadas del efecto del tratamiento, a menudo exageradas.
  • La manipulación de la asignación socava la validez y confiabilidad de los hallazgos de los ensayos.
  • Se necesitan estrategias de diseño inteligentes para evitar que los investigadores descifren las secuencias de asignación.

Conclusiones:

  • La ocultación efectiva de la asignación es primordial para inmunizar los ensayos contra los sesgos de selección y confusión.
  • Los diseñadores de ensayos deben estar atentos y emplear métodos sofisticados para garantizar la ocultación.
  • La presentación de informes de comparaciones basales es importante, pero no se recomienda la prueba de hipótesis en estos.