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Evolución de las proteínas adaptativas en Drosophila.

Nick G C Smith1, Adam Eyre-Walker

  • 1Centre for the Study of Evolution and School of Biological Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK.

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La selección natural impulsa significativamente la evolución del ADN. Los investigadores estiman que el 45% de los cambios de aminoácidos en las especies de Drosophila son el resultado de la evolución adaptativa, con un cambio de este tipo que ocurre cada 45 años.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Evolución molecular de la evolución molecular.
  • Genética de la población Genética de la población.
  • La genómica es la genómica.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Un debate de larga data en la evolución molecular se refiere al papel de la selección natural en la evolución de la secuencia de ADN.
  • Si bien la evolución adaptativa a nivel de proteínas es cada vez más apoyada, su prevalencia sigue siendo incierta.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Desarrollar un método sencillo para estimar el número de sustituciones adaptativas.
  • Para cuantificar la prevalencia de la evolución adaptativa a nivel de la secuencia de ADN en especies específicas.

Principales métodos:

  • Desarrollo de un nuevo método estadístico para estimar las sustituciones adaptativas.
  • Aplicación del método a los datos de secuencia de ADN de Drosophila simulans y Drosophila yakuba.

Principales resultados:

  • Se estima que el 45% de todas las sustituciones de aminoácidos están fijadas por la selección natural.
  • Un promedio de una sustitución adaptativa ocurre aproximadamente cada 45 años en las especies de Drosophila estudiadas.

Conclusiones:

  • La selección natural juega un papel sustancial en la conducción de la evolución molecular a nivel de la secuencia de ADN.
  • Los hallazgos proporcionan estimaciones cuantitativas de la tasa de evolución adaptativa en estas especies.