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Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study
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Funcionamiento cognitivo de los grandes consumidores de cannabis a largo plazo que buscan tratamiento
Nadia Solowij1, Robert S Stephens, Roger A Roffman
1National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. n.solowij@unsw.edu.au
JAMA
|March 7, 2002
Resumen
El consumo de cannabis a largo plazo afecta significativamente la memoria y la atención, con déficits que empeoran con más años de uso. Estos trastornos cognitivos persisten incluso después de un período de abstinencia.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- Psicología Psicología Psicología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los deterioros cognitivos están relacionados con el consumo de cannabis a largo plazo, pero los factores específicos que contribuyen y la persistencia de los déficits no están claros.
- Comprender estos efectos es crucial para las personas que buscan tratamiento para la dependencia del cannabis.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar cómo la duración del consumo de cannabis impacta las funciones cognitivas específicas en individuos sometidos a tratamiento para la dependencia del cannabis.
- Para diferenciar el rendimiento cognitivo entre usuarios a largo plazo, usuarios a corto plazo y no usuarios.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio multisite, retrospectivo y transversal que involucró a 102 usuarios de cannabis casi diarios y 33 controles de no usuarios.
- Las pruebas neuropsicológicas evaluaron la atención, la memoria y el funcionamiento ejecutivo después de un período medio de abstinencia de 17 horas.
- Los participantes se clasificaron en grupos de consumo de cannabis a largo plazo (promedio de 23.9 años) y a corto plazo (promedio de 10.2 años).
Principales resultados:
- Los usuarios de cannabis a largo plazo demostraron un rendimiento significativamente peor en la memoria y la atención en comparación con los usuarios a corto plazo y los controles.
- Se observaron déficits específicos en el aprendizaje, la retención y la recuperación en usuarios a largo plazo.
- Ambos grupos de usuarios mostraron una disminución en la estimación del tiempo, y el rendimiento a menudo se correlacionó con la duración del consumo de cannabis.
Conclusiones:
- A largo plazo, el uso excesivo de cannabis conduce a alteraciones duraderas en la memoria y la atención.
- Estos déficits cognitivos empeoran con el aumento de la duración del consumo regular de cannabis y persisten más allá de la intoxicación.
- Los hallazgos destacan el impacto duradero del consumo prolongado de cannabis en la salud cognitiva.
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