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Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification
Published on: April 20, 2011
El brote de poliomielitis en Hispaniola asociado con la circulación del poliovirus derivado de la vacuna tipo 1
Olen Kew1, Victoria Morris-Glasgow, Mauricio Landaverde
1Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. okew@cdc.gov
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 16, 2002
Resumen
Un brote de polio de 2000-2001 en la República Dominicana y Haití fue causado por un poliovirus derivado de la vacuna. La mayoría de los casos fueron en niños no vacunados, lo que pone de relieve la importancia de la cobertura de la vacuna oral contra el poliovirus (OPV).
Área de la Ciencia:
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Virología Virología.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
Sus antecedentes:
- Un brote de poliomielitis paralítica ocurrió en la República Dominicana y Haití entre 2000 y 2001.
- El brote involucró 13 casos confirmados en la República Dominicana y 8 casos confirmados (incluidas 2 muertes) en Haití.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la causa y las características del brote de poliomielitis 2000-2001 en la República Dominicana y Haití.
- Determinar el origen y las propiedades de la cepa del poliovirus responsable del brote.
Principales métodos:
- Investigación de casos y recopilación de datos epidemiológicos.
- Identificación y caracterización de la cepa del poliovirus.
- Evaluación de la cobertura de la vacuna oral contra el poliovirus (OPV) en las comunidades afectadas.
Principales resultados:
- El brote se relacionó con un poliovirus derivado de la vacuna tipo 1 (VDPV), que probablemente se originó a partir de una sola dosis de OPV administrada en 1998-1999.
- La mayoría de los pacientes (todos menos uno) eran niños no vacunados o vacunados incompletamente.
- Las comunidades afectadas exhibieron muy bajas tasas de cobertura de OPV, que oscilan entre el 7% y el 40%.
Conclusiones:
- El estudio identificó un brote de VDPV en Hispaniola, enfatizando el riesgo de poliomielitis en poblaciones poco vacunadas.
- La cepa VDPV exhibió propiedades biológicas similares al poliovirus silvestre, lo que subraya su potencial para la transmisión y la enfermedad.
- El mantenimiento de una alta cobertura de la vacuna oral contra el poliovirus (OPV) es crucial para prevenir brotes de poliomielitis paralítica.
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