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Photosystem II01:22

Photosystem II

The multi-protein complex photosystem II (PS II) harvests photons and transfers their energy through its bound pigments to its reaction center, and ultimately to photosystem I (PSI) through the electron transport chain. The pigments responsible for caputirng the light energy in photosystems include chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids.
The pigment molecules are arranged across  two photosystem domains — the antenna complex and the reaction center. The main aim of the pigment molecules...
Structural Protein Function01:56

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Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
Collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals, is found throughout the body. In connective tissue, such as skin, ligaments, and tendons, it provides tensile strength and elasticity.  In bones and teeth, it mineralizes to form...
Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases00:58

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
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RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

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Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
Structural Protein Function01:56

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Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

High-throughput Purification of Affinity-tagged Recombinant Proteins
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High-throughput Purification of Affinity-tagged Recombinant Proteins

Published on: August 26, 2012

El mecanismo de la ARN polimerasa II: la estructura ilumina la función.

Nancy A Woychik1, Michael Hampsey

  • 1Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.

Cell
|March 23, 2002
PubMed
Resumen

La transcripción eucariota se basa en la ARN polimerasa II, los factores de iniciación y los complejos Mediador. Las ideas estructurales, en particular para la ARN polimerasa II de la levadura, iluminan los mecanismos de transcripción.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
  • Biología Estructural Biología estructural.
  • La bioquímica es la bioquímica.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La transcripción eucariótica es un proceso biológico fundamental.
  • Los actores clave incluyen la ARN polimerasa II, los factores de iniciación y el complejo Mediador.
  • La comprensión de los mecanismos de transcripción es crucial para la función celular.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para aclarar los mecanismos de la transcripción eucariota.
  • Proporcionar conocimientos estructurales sobre los factores y complejos de transcripción.
  • Para centrarse en la estructura de resolución atómica de la levadura ARN polimerasa II.

Principales métodos:

  • Determinación tridimensional de la estructura de los componentes de la transcripción.
  • Análisis estructural de alta resolución.
  • Estudios estructurales comparativos de la ARN polimerasa II de la levadura.

Principales resultados:

  • Se han obtenido datos estructurales para múltiples factores y complejos de transcripción.
  • Las estructuras tridimensionales detalladas proporcionan información sobre las interacciones moleculares.
  • Se ha determinado la estructura de resolución atómica de la levadura ARN polimerasa II.

Conclusiones:

  • La biología estructural proporciona una visión crítica de la transcripción eucariota.
  • El complejo Mediador juega un papel clave en la transmisión de señales reguladoras.
  • La estructura de la ARN polimerasa II de la levadura ofrece un modelo detallado para la iniciación de la transcripción.