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La corteza frontal medial y el rápido procesamiento de ganancias y pérdidas monetarias
William J Gehring1, Adrian R Willoughby
1Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 525 East University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1109, USA. wgehring@umich.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 23, 2002
Resumen
La actividad neuronal en la corteza medial-frontal rastrea las ganancias y pérdidas financieras. Esta respuesta cerebral, observada dentro de 265 milisegundos, influye en el comportamiento subsiguiente de asunción de riesgos en las tareas de toma de decisiones.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- Psicología Cognitiva Psicología cognitiva.
- Ciencia de la decisión Ciencia de la decisión
Sus antecedentes:
- Comprender la base neuronal de la toma de decisiones es crucial para explicar las elecciones económicas.
- Investigaciones anteriores sugieren que regiones específicas del cerebro están involucradas en el procesamiento de recompensas y castigos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar el procesamiento neuronal de ganancias y pérdidas en una tarea de juego.
- Para determinar si la actividad medial-frontal es sensible a la valencia del resultado (ganancia vs. pérdida) y no únicamente a la detección de errores.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó electroencefalografía (EEG) para medir potenciales cerebrales relacionados con eventos (ERP).
- Analizó las respuestas neuronales dentro de los 265 milisegundos siguientes a los estímulos de resultado en una tarea de juego de dos alternativas.
- Actividad neuronal correlacionada con el comportamiento de elección subsiguiente.
Principales resultados:
- Un potencial cerebral relacionado con eventos de polaridad negativa (ERP) en la región medial-frontal mostró una mayor amplitud para las pérdidas que para las ganancias.
- Esta actividad medial-frontal fue específicamente sensible a las pérdidas, no simplemente a la detección de errores, y fue independiente del resultado perdido.
- Las elecciones hechas después de las pérdidas fueron más arriesgadas y asociadas con una mayor actividad neuronal relacionada con la pérdida.
Conclusiones:
- Los cálculos neuronales medial-frontales, que probablemente involucran a la corteza cingulada anterior, juegan un papel en el procesamiento de los resultados financieros.
- Estos cálculos contribuyen a los estados afectivos que influyen en las decisiones de mayor nivel, incluidas las elecciones económicas y la evaluación de riesgos.
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