Jove
Visualize
Contáctanos
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ACERCA DE JoVE
Visión GeneralLiderazgoBlogCentro de Ayuda JoVE
AUTORES
Proceso de PublicaciónConsejo EditorialAlcance y PolíticasRevisión por ParesPreguntas FrecuentesEnviar
BIBLIOTECARIOS
TestimoniosSuscripcionesAccesoRecursosConsejo Asesor de BibliotecasPreguntas Frecuentes
INVESTIGACIÓN
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchivo
EDUCACIÓN
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualCentro de Recursos para ProfesoresSitio de Profesores
Términos y Condiciones de Uso
Política de Privacidad
Políticas

Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Genetics of Speciation02:16

Genetics of Speciation

Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.The genetics of speciation involves the different traits or isolating mechanisms preventing gene exchange, leading to reproductive isolation. Reproductive isolation can be due to reproductive barriers that have effects either before or after the formation of a zygote. Pre-zygotic mechanisms prevent fertilization from occurring, and post-zygotic mechanisms...
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms02:18

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.
Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms02:18

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.
Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles, which...

También podría leer

Artículos Relacionados

Artículos vinculados a este trabajo por autores compartidos, revista y gráfico de citas.

Ordenar por
Same author

Human-specific evolutionary genetic loss of addition of a single oxygen atom from sialic acids increases hydrophobicity of cells and proteins [Carbohydr. Res. (552), June 2025, 109469].

Carbohydrate research·2026
Same author

Origins and Evolution of Essentials of Glycobiology.

Glycobiology·2025
Same author

Advancing Chemoenzymatic Synthesis and Covalent Immobilization of a Comprehensive Ganglio-glycosphingolipid Library Enables Functional Multiplex Bead Assays.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2025
Same author

Disrupting Siglec-mediated interactions to develop immunotherapies for cancer treatment.

Expert opinion on therapeutic targets·2025
Same author

Loss of sialic acid side-chain <i>O</i>-acetylation exacerbates colitis.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

Discovery and characterization of vertebrate sialoglycan-binding proteins.

Seminars in immunology·2025

Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations
10:17

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations

Published on: November 3, 2010

Variación intra e interespecífica en los patrones de expresión génica de los primates.

Wolfgang Enard1, Philipp Khaitovich, Joachim Klose

  • 1Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Inselstrasse 22, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 16, 2002
PubMed
Resumen

La expresión génica humana y del chimpancé difiere significativamente, especialmente en el cerebro. Este estudio revela cambios pronunciados en la expresión de genes y proteínas humanas, lo que contribuye a las diferencias de especies.

Más Videos Relacionados

Microinjection for Transgenesis and Genome Editing in Threespine Sticklebacks
08:51

Microinjection for Transgenesis and Genome Editing in Threespine Sticklebacks

Published on: May 13, 2016

In Vivo Functional Study of Disease-associated Rare Human Variants Using Drosophila
06:41

In Vivo Functional Study of Disease-associated Rare Human Variants Using Drosophila

Published on: August 20, 2019

Videos de Experimentos Relacionados

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations
10:17

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations

Published on: November 3, 2010

Microinjection for Transgenesis and Genome Editing in Threespine Sticklebacks
08:51

Microinjection for Transgenesis and Genome Editing in Threespine Sticklebacks

Published on: May 13, 2016

In Vivo Functional Study of Disease-associated Rare Human Variants Using Drosophila
06:41

In Vivo Functional Study of Disease-associated Rare Human Variants Using Drosophila

Published on: August 20, 2019

Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
  • La genómica es la genómica.
  • La transcriptómica comparada es una transcriptómica comparada.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los humanos y los chimpancés comparten el 98,7% de su ADN genómico.
  • A pesar de la gran similitud genética, existen diferencias morfológicas, conductuales y cognitivas significativas.
  • La expresión génica alterada es un conductor potencial de estos rasgos específicos de la especie.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar los patrones de expresión de genes y proteínas específicos de cada especie en humanos, chimpancés, orangutanes y macacos.
  • Identificar la base genética de las diferencias entre los seres humanos y sus parientes más cercanos.
  • Examinar los cambios evolutivos en la expresión génica, particularmente en el cerebro humano.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis comparativo del transcriptoma utilizando microarrays en leucocitos sanguíneos, hígado y tejidos cerebrales.
  • Análisis proteómico comparativo utilizando electroforesis en gel bidimensional para humanos y chimpancés.
  • La inclusión de tres especies de ratones para modelar distancias evolutivas.

Principales resultados:

  • Se identificaron perfiles de expresión génica distintos y específicos de cada especie en los primates estudiados.
  • Se observaron alteraciones particularmente pronunciadas en la expresión de genes y proteínas dentro del cerebro humano.
  • Se demostró una divergencia significativa en los patrones de expresión génica incluso entre especies estrechamente relacionadas.

Conclusiones:

  • Los cambios en la expresión de genes y proteínas juegan un papel crucial en la evolución humana.
  • El cerebro humano exhibe cambios evolutivos únicos y acelerados a nivel de expresión génica.
  • La transcriptómica y la proteómica comparativas son poderosas herramientas para comprender la divergencia de las especies.