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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material for adaptive...
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...

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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Isolation of Fidelity Variants of RNA Viruses and Characterization of Virus Mutation Frequency
18:10

Isolation of Fidelity Variants of RNA Viruses and Characterization of Virus Mutation Frequency

Published on: June 16, 2011

Variación antigénica y exclusión alélica.

Piet Borst1

  • 1The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Molecular Biology and Center for Biomedical Genetics, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. p.borst@nki.nl

Cell
|April 17, 2002
PubMed
Resumen

Los tripanosomas africanos logran la expresión génica monoalélica secuestrando un solo gen en un cuerpo nuclear. Este mecanismo puede explicar cómo las células controlan la selección de genes en otros sistemas multigénicos.

Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
  • Genética La genética.
  • Biología celular Biología celular.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las células con frecuencia expresan sólo un gen de un grupo de dos o más.
  • Los tripanosomas africanos exhiben expresión génica monoalélica, un fenómeno que no se entiende completamente.
  • La regulación de la expresión génica en familias multigenéticas es una cuestión biológica fundamental.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar el mecanismo de la expresión génica monoalélica en los tripanosomas africanos.
  • Explorar el papel de los cuerpos nucleares en la regulación de la selección de genes.
  • Discutir la aplicabilidad potencial de este mecanismo a otros sistemas multigénicos.

Principales métodos:

  • El estudio se centra en los patrones únicos de expresión génica en los tripanosomas africanos.

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  • Examina la segregación de genes seleccionados en estructuras nucleares específicas.
  • La investigación analiza las implicaciones teóricas para otros sistemas biológicos.

    • Principales resultados:

    • Los tripanosomas africanos utilizan un cuerpo nuclear para secuestrar el gen expresado.
    • Esta compartimentación parece ser la clave para lograr la expresión monoalélica.
    • Los hallazgos sugieren un mecanismo conservado para la regulación génica.

    Conclusiones:

    • Los cuerpos nucleares juegan un papel crucial en la regulación de la expresión génica monoalélica en los tripanosomas.
    • Este mecanismo ofrece una posible explicación para la expresión monoalélica en otros sistemas multigénicos.
    • Se necesita más investigación para explorar este fenómeno en diversos organismos.