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The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress
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Violencia de pareja: causas y prevención.

Rachel Jewkes1

  • 1Gender and Health Group, Medical Research Council, Private Bag X385, 0001, Pretoria, South Africa. rhewkes@mrc.ac.za

Lancet (London, England)
|April 30, 2002
PubMed
Resumen

La pobreza y las normas sociales aumentan significativamente el riesgo de violencia de pareja íntima (VPI). Empoderar a las mujeres y reducir la aceptación de la violencia son claves para la prevención.

Área de la Ciencia:

  • Sociología Sociología Sociología.
  • Salud Pública La salud pública.
  • Criminología de la Criminología.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La violencia de pareja íntima (VPI) carece de grupos de riesgo social y demográfico claramente definidos, a diferencia de muchos problemas de salud.
  • La pobreza es una notable excepción, elevando el riesgo de VPI a través del aumento de los conflictos, la reducción de la agencia femenina, y los impactos en la identidad masculina.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Identificar los factores sociales y demográficos clave que influyen en el riesgo de violencia de pareja íntima.
  • Explorar la relación no lineal entre el empoderamiento de las mujeres y el riesgo de VPI.
  • Informar las intervenciones preventivas primarias para la violencia de pareja íntima.

Principales métodos:

  • El estudio sintetiza la investigación existente sobre los determinantes sociales de la violencia de pareja.

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  • El análisis se centra en la interacción entre la pobreza, los conflictos, el consumo de alcohol, el empoderamiento de las mujeres y las normas sociales.
  • Se consideran datos cualitativos y cuantitativos sobre la dinámica de las relaciones y la aceptación de la violencia social.

    • Principales resultados:

    • La pobreza exacerba el riesgo de VPI al alimentar los conflictos por las finanzas, los celos y los roles de género, y al desafiar la identidad masculina.
    • El consumo excesivo de alcohol está relacionado con un aumento de la violencia.
    • Si bien los altos niveles de empoderamiento de las mujeres ofrecen protección, la relación no es lineal en los niveles más bajos de empoderamiento.
    • La aceptación social de la violencia como una norma amplifica el riesgo individual.

    Conclusiones:

    • Las estrategias de prevención primaria deben abordar la pobreza, reducir el consumo de alcohol y desafiar las normas que aceptan la violencia.
    • Mejorar el estatus y la agencia de las mujeres es crucial para mitigar la violencia de pareja íntima.
    • Las intervenciones deben considerar la compleja interacción de los factores individuales, de las relaciones y de la sociedad.