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Un nuevo filo de Archaea representado por un simbionte hipertermófilo de tamaño nanométrico

Harald Huber¹, Michael J Hohn, Reinhard Rachel

¹Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie und Archaeenzentrum, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.

|May 3, 2002

Resumen

Los científicos descubrieron un nuevo filo arqueal,

Área de la Ciencia:

Microbiología Microbiología.
La genómica es la genómica.
Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.

Sus antecedentes:

La clasificación de las arqueas basada en la pequeña subunidad de ARN ribosómico (ARNrss) incluye Crenarchaeota, Euryarchaeota y Korarchaeota.
Korarchaeota se conocen actualmente sólo a partir de secuencias de ADN ambientales.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para cultivar y caracterizar un nuevo arqueón de un respiradero submarino.
Para determinar la ubicación filogenética de este nuevo arqueón.
Para investigar sus características biológicas únicas.

Principales métodos:

Cultivo de un arqueón hipertermófilo de un respiradero submarino.
Análisis de la secuencia del ARN ribosómico de pequeñas subunidades (ARNrSS).
Determinación del tamaño del genoma.

Principales resultados:

Cultivo de un nuevo arqueón hipertermófilo de tamaño nanométrico, 'Nanoarchaeum equitans'.
'N.N. es el nombre que se le da a las equitans' representa un nuevo filo arqueal, 'Nanoarchaeota', distinto de los phyla conocidos.
Este arqueón crece unido a un huésped específico, Ignicoccus.
'N.N. es el nombre que se le da a las equitans' posee el más pequeño genoma arqueal conocido (0,5 megabases).
Su inusual secuencia de rRNA ss lo hizo indetectable por estudios ecológicos estándar basados en PCR.

Conclusiones:

'Nanoarchaeota' representa un linaje arqueológico mayor previamente desconocido.
El descubrimiento de 'N. equitans 'ofrece información sobre la evolución de la termofilia, los genomas mínimos y las interacciones entre especies.
Este hallazgo amplía nuestra comprensión de la diversidad arqueológica y la evolución.

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