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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Periodic Classification of the Elements04:00

Periodic Classification of the Elements

The periodic table arranges atoms based on increasing atomic number so that elements with the same chemical properties recur periodically. When their electron configurations are added to the table, a periodic recurrence of similar electron configurations in the outer shells of these elements is observed. Because they are in the outer shells of an atom, valence electrons play the most important role in chemical reactions. The outer electrons have the highest energy of the electrons in an atom...
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions.
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...
Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
Structure of Benzene: Molecular Orbital Model01:18

Structure of Benzene: Molecular Orbital Model

According to the molecular orbital (MO) model, benzene has a planar structure with a regular hexagon of six sp2 hybridized carbons. As shown in Figure 1, each carbon is bonded to three other atoms with C–C–C and H–C–C bond angles of 120°. The C–H bond length is 109 pm, and the C–C bond length is 139 pm which is midway between the single bond length of sp3 hybridized carbons (154 pm) and sp2 hybridized carbons (133 pm).
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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Published on: March 24, 2018

Fases C70) 3-) muy compactas - síntesis, estructura y propiedades electrónicas.

Mark S Denning1, Ian D Watts, Sandra M Moussa

  • 1Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, UK.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|May 9, 2002
PubMed
Resumen

Los investigadores sintetizaron sales de aniones de fuleruro trivalentes cúbicos (fcc) centrados en la cara a partir de fulerenos C70. Estas fases metálicas pero no superconductoras ofrecen información sobre la superconductividad del fullereno.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Química del estado sólido.
  • Ciencia de los materiales Ciencia de los materiales.
  • Investigación de la superconductividad Investigación de la superconductividad

Sus antecedentes:

  • La degeneración electrónica de los aniones C ((60) ((3))) está relacionada con las altas temperaturas de transición superconductoras en las fuleridas.
  • La síntesis de sales de aniones de fuleruro trivalentes a partir de fulerenos superiores como el C70) ha sido experimentalmente desafiante.
  • Las fases estables existentes para C70) incluyen A70)), A70) y A70)).

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Evaluar experimentalmente la hipótesis que vincula la simetría de los fullerenos y la superconductividad.
  • Para sintetizar sales de aniones de fuleruro trivalentes cúbicos (fcc) centrados en la cara (A(3) C(70) de C(70) fulerenos.
  • Investigar las propiedades estructurales y electrónicas de estas nuevas fases de fuleruro.

Principales métodos:

  • Síntesis de las fases fcc A(3) C(70), específicamente estabilizándolas utilizando cationes de sodio en sitios tetraédricos.
  • Caracterización estructural, con atención a los protocolos de enfriamiento que influyen en las fases metestables.
  • Espectroscopia de resonancia paramagnética de electrones (EPR) para sondear las propiedades electrónicas.

Principales resultados:

  • Se han sintetizado con éxito las fases fcc A(3) C(70), estabilizadas por el tamaño del catión de sodio.
  • Se observó dependencia estructural en los protocolos de enfriamiento, lo que lleva a fases desordenadas.
  • Los datos de EPR indicaron un comportamiento metálico pero ninguna superconductividad por encima de 5 K.
  • La baja densidad de estados en el nivel de Fermi sugiere condiciones insuficientes para la superconductividad.

Conclusiones:

  • Las fases sintetizadas fcc A(3) C(70) son metálicas pero no son superconductoras.
  • La superconductividad en los sistemas de C70) probablemente requiere un mayor dopaje de electrones (cuatro electrones por anión C70).
  • El logro de un A(3)C(70) estable requiere un ajuste de tamaño preciso tanto en el sitio octaédrico como en el tetraédrico.