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Excavación de un sitio de herramientas de piedra de chimpancés en la selva africana
Julio Mercader1, Melissa Panger, Christophe Boesch
1Department of Anthropology, George Washington University, 2110 G Street NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA. madrid@gwu.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 25, 2002
Resumen
Los chimpancés involuntariamente crean conjuntos de herramientas de piedra mientras rompen nueces, ofreciendo información sobre el comportamiento de los primeros homínidos y la formación de sitios arqueológicos. Este estudio revela evidencia de uso de herramientas y procesamiento de alimentos recuperable a través de métodos arqueológicos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Comportamiento de los primates.
- Arqueología Arqueología.
- La paleoantropología es la paleoantropología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los chimpancés exhiben comportamientos complejos de uso de herramientas.
- La comprensión de la producción de herramientas no homínidas proporciona datos comparativos para los primeros estudios de homínidos.
- Los métodos arqueológicos pueden revelar evidencias de actividades animales pasadas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la producción involuntaria de herramientas de piedra por los chimpancés.
- Para analizar la firma arqueológica de los sitios de chasquido de nueces de chimpancés.
- Explorar las implicaciones para la interpretación de los registros arqueológicos de los primeros homínidos.
Principales métodos:
- Excavación de un sitio donde los chimpancés rompen las nueces (Panda 100).
- Análisis de ensamblajes de piedra y restos faunísticos (concha de nuez).
- Reconstrucción de los comportamientos de transporte y uso de herramientas.
Principales resultados:
- Los chimpancés produjeron ensamblajes de piedra en escamas en sitios de agrietamiento de nueces.
- Pruebas de transporte de piedra desde afloramientos a áreas de actividad.
- Procesos de formación del sitio identificados a través de la acumulación de desechos.
Conclusiones:
- El uso de herramientas de los chimpancés crea registros arqueológicos recuperables.
- Estos hallazgos informan la interpretación de los primeros sitios arqueológicos de homínidos.
- La arqueología de los primates ofrece una visión única de la evolución del comportamiento.
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