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Tendencias en las tasas de prescripción de antimicrobianos para niños y adolescentes

Linda F McCaig¹, Richard E Besser, James M Hughes

¹Ambulatory Care Statistics Branch, Division of Health Care Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 6525 Belcrest Rd, Room 952, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA. lfm1@cdc.gov

|June 19, 2002

Resumen

La prescripción de antimicrobianos para niños disminuyó significativamente entre 1989 y 2000, con notables reducciones para las infecciones respiratorias. Este estudio destaca los esfuerzos exitosos para frenar el uso inadecuado de antimicrobianos en la atención pediátrica.

Área de la Ciencia:

Salud Pediátrica en la Salud Pediátrica.
Enfermedades infecciosas Enfermedades infecciosas.
Política de salud pública Política de salud pública.

Sus antecedentes:

Las tasas de prescripción de antimicrobianos para niños aumentaron significativamente de 1980 a 1992.
El aumento de la resistencia a los antimicrobianos en la década de 1990 estuvo relacionado con el aumento del uso de antimicrobianos.
Iniciativas de salud pública destinadas a promover la prescripción adecuada de antimicrobianos para combatir la resistencia.

Objetivo del estudio:

Evaluar los cambios en las tasas de prescripción de antimicrobianos en niños y adolescentes menores de 15 años.
Para evaluar específicamente las tendencias de prescripción para infecciones comunes del tracto respiratorio.

Principales métodos:

Análisis de los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Atención Médica Ambulatoria desde 1989-1990 hasta 1999-2000.
La inclusión de datos de 2500-3500 médicos de consultorio y 6500-13,600 visitas pediátricas por período.
Examen de las tasas de prescripción basadas en la población y las visitas para infecciones respiratorias generales y específicas.

Principales resultados:

Las tasas generales de prescripción basadas en la población disminuyeron de 838 a 503 por cada 1000 niños (P <.001).
Las tasas de prescripción basadas en visitas se redujeron de 330 a 234 por cada 1000 visitas (P <.001).
Se observaron disminuciones significativas para la faringitis y las infecciones de las vías respiratorias superiores, con resultados mixtos para la otitis media y la bronquitis, y tasas estables para la sinusitis.

Conclusiones:

Las tasas de prescripción de antimicrobianos para niños y adolescentes disminuyeron significativamente entre 1989-1990 y 1999-2000.
Estos hallazgos indican una reducción exitosa en el uso de antimicrobianos para afecciones respiratorias pediátricas.
El estudio subraya el impacto de los esfuerzos de salud pública en la administración de antimicrobianos en la atención pediátrica.

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