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Vitaminas para la prevención de enfermedades crónicas en adultos: revisión científica
Kathleen M Fairfield1, Robert H Fletcher
1Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. kfairfie@caregroup.harvard.edu
JAMA
|June 19, 2002
Resumen
La ingesta inadecuada de vitaminas está relacionada con enfermedades crónicas como enfermedades cardíacas y cáncer, con ciertos grupos en mayor riesgo. La suplementación puede conducir a un exceso de vitaminas, especialmente con las vitaminas liposolubles.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias de la Nutrición Ciencias de la Nutrición
- La medicina preventiva es la medicina preventiva de las enfermedades.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
Sus antecedentes:
- La ingesta inadecuada de vitaminas, aunque poco frecuente en las naciones desarrolladas, está relacionada con enfermedades crónicas.
- Comprender las funciones de las vitaminas es crucial para la salud pública y la prevención de enfermedades.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para revisar las vitaminas clínicamente significativas.
- Para detallar sus efectos biológicos, fuentes de alimentos, síndromes de deficiencia, toxicidad y enlaces de enfermedades crónicas.
Principales métodos:
- MEDLINE búsqueda de artículos en inglés sobre vitaminas y enfermedades crónicas (1966-2002).
- El énfasis en los ensayos aleatorizados para obtener información clínicamente importante.
Principales resultados:
- Los ancianos, los veganos, los pacientes dependientes del alcohol y los pacientes con malabsorción corren el riesgo de padecer deficiencia de vitaminas.
- El exceso de vitamina A durante el embarazo y las vitaminas liposolubles pueden ser tóxicas.
- El ácido fólico, B6, B12 impactan la homocisteína y el riesgo de enfermedad cardíaca.
- La vitamina E, el licopeno pueden reducir el riesgo de cáncer de próstata.
- La vitamina D con calcio reduce el riesgo de fracturas.
Conclusiones:
- Ciertos grupos de pacientes se enfrentan a mayores riesgos de deficiencia de vitaminas.
- Los médicos pueden necesitar más educación sobre las fuentes de vitaminas y recomendaciones.
- El exceso de vitaminas es un riesgo con la suplementación, especialmente las vitaminas liposolubles.
- La ingesta subóptima de vitaminas se asocia con la enfermedad coronaria, el cáncer y la osteoporosis.
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