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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Breathing01:05

Breathing

The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity01:24

Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity

Breathing, otherwise known as pulmonary ventilation, is the process of air movement into and out of the lungs. The main mechanisms propelling pulmonary ventilation are atmospheric pressure (Patm), intra-pulmonary (Ppul ) or intra-alveolar pressure (Palv) within the alveoli, and intrapleural pressure (Pip) within the pleural cavity.
Breathing Mechanisms
Both intra-alveolar and intrapleural pressures rely on specific lung properties. The ability to breathe—allowing air to enter the lungs during...
Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation01:19

Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation

Besides the pressure difference between the external environment and the lungs, the airflow rate and ease of pulmonary ventilation are also influenced by three other factors: surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli, compliance of the lungs, and airway resistance.
Alveolar Surface Tension
The alveolar fluid lines the luminal surface of the alveoli and exerts a force called surface tension. This force is caused by the polar water molecules in the liquid being more strongly attracted to each...
Physical Principles Governing Gas Exchange01:16

Physical Principles Governing Gas Exchange

Gas behavior plays a vital role in understanding bodily processes such as external and internal respiration. External respiration involves the diffusion of oxygen into the blood and carbon dioxide out of it in the lungs. In contrast, internal respiration happens in body tissues, where these gases move in opposite directions.
Gas Laws Governing Respiration
The behavior of gases is guided by Dalton's Law of partial pressures and Henry's Law.
Dalton's Law asserts that the total pressure exerted by...
Application of Integration: Problem Solving01:30

Application of Integration: Problem Solving

The process of breathing involves the periodic intake and expulsion of air, known as the respiratory cycle, which typically lasts about five seconds. Modeling the volume of air inhaled into the lungs as a function of time provides insight into both the dynamics and efficiency of pulmonary ventilation. This volume is determined by integrating the airflow rate over time, which captures the cumulative effect of air entering the lungs.Sinusoidal Model of AirflowAirflow during respiration is not...

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Fisiología: Inestabilidades dinámicas en el pulmón inflado.

Adriano M Alencar1, Stephen P Arold, Sergey V Buldyrev

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. adriano@bu.edu

Nature
|June 21, 2002
PubMed
Resumen

Las vías respiratorias pulmonares pueden colapsar en enfermedades como el asma. El modelado de esto revela "choques de avalancha" que causan resistencia elástica negativa, mejorando la comprensión de la aireación pulmonar profunda para condiciones de intercambio de gases alteradas.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La medicina pulmonar es una medicina para los pulmones.
  • La biofísica es la biofísica.
  • Dinámica de fluidos La dinámica de fluidos.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las enfermedades pulmonares como el asma limitan el flujo expiratorio, lo que lleva al colapso de las vías respiratorias y al intercambio de gases comprometido.
  • Comprender la mecánica de la inflación pulmonar, especialmente en las regiones colapsadas, es crucial para la salud respiratoria.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para modelar la dinámica de inflación de las regiones pulmonares colapsadas durante la inspiración.
  • Investigar el fenómeno de las inestabilidades dinámicas de presión y su relación con la mecánica pulmonar.
  • Proporcionar información sobre la aireación de las regiones profundas del pulmón y sus implicaciones para las enfermedades respiratorias.

Principales métodos:

  • Desarrolló un modelo de inflación pulmonar utilizando avalanchas que se propagan a través de una red de vías respiratorias bifurcadas.
  • Analizó la cascada de inestabilidades dinámicas de presión, denominadas "choques de avalancha".
  • Investigó las implicaciones termodinámicas de estas inestabilidades, específicamente la resistencia elástica negativa.

Principales resultados:

  • La inflación de las regiones pulmonares colapsadas se puede modelar como avalanchas en la red de vías respiratorias.
  • Los choques de avalancha resultan en inestabilidades dinámicas de presión, que se manifiestan como resistencia elástica negativa.
  • Esta resistencia elástica negativa es una aparente paradoja termodinámica explicada por el modelo de avalancha.

Conclusiones:

  • El modelo de avalancha proporciona una explicación novedosa para la dinámica de inflación pulmonar en regiones colapsadas.
  • Comprender la resistencia elástica negativa ofrece nuevos conocimientos sobre la aireación en las áreas profundas del pulmón.
  • Los hallazgos pueden informar tratamientos para afecciones médicas con alteración del intercambio de gases, como el asma grave.