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Desarrollo de fármacos para enfermedades olvidadas: un mercado deficiente y un fracaso de la política de salud
Patrice Trouiller1, Piero Olliaro, Els Torreele
1Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, BP 217, 38043 Grenoble cedex 9, France. PTrouiller@chu-grenoble.fr
Lancet (London, England)
|July 2, 2002
Resumen
Las compañías farmacéuticas descuidan las enfermedades del mundo en desarrollo debido a las bajas ganancias. Se necesitan nuevas estrategias y políticas internacionales para las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas y el desarrollo de fármacos contra la tuberculosis.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Investigación y Desarrollo Farmacéutico.
- Salud Global La salud global.
- Descubrimiento de Drogas Descubrimiento de Drogas
Sus antecedentes:
- Las enfermedades infecciosas afectan desproporcionadamente a las poblaciones empobrecidas en los países en desarrollo, lo que lleva a una mortalidad y morbilidad significativas.
- Existe una brecha crítica en el desarrollo de productos farmacéuticos efectivos, seguros y asequibles para estas enfermedades descuidadas.
- El enfoque de la industria farmacéutica en los mercados rentables deja enfermedades prevalentes en el Sur Global bajo abordado.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Analizar las tendencias de investigación y desarrollo farmacéutico (I + D) en 25 años.
- Revisar las iniciativas públicas y privadas existentes que abordan los desequilibrios de I+D para las enfermedades desatendidas.
- Identificar las estrategias necesarias para el desarrollo sostenible de fármacos para las enfermedades que afectan a los pobres.
Principales métodos:
- Búsquedas en Medline y bases de datos regulatorias (FDA de los Estados Unidos, EMA europea).
- Análisis de nuevas entidades químicas (NCE) comercializadas entre 1975 y 1999.
- Revisión de estudios publicados sobre iniciativas públicas y privadas para enfermedades olvidadas.
Principales resultados:
- Solo 16 de los 1393 NCE comercializados (1975-1999) tenían como objetivo las enfermedades tropicales y la tuberculosis.
- Los medicamentos para enfermedades olvidadas tienen 13 veces menos probabilidades de llegar al mercado en comparación con los medicamentos para el SNC o el cáncer.
- La industria cita altos costos de I + D y bajos rendimientos como barreras para invertir en enfermedades desatendidas.
Conclusiones:
- Los modelos actuales de I + D son insuficientes para hacer frente a las enfermedades que afectan predominantemente a los pobres.
- Las asociaciones público-privadas y los incentivos no han superado completamente las limitaciones del mercado.
- Las soluciones sostenibles requieren una política farmacéutica internacional para las enfermedades desatendidas, explorando las obligaciones del sector privado y promoviendo la I + D pública sin fines de lucro.
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